ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2021
Prevalence and modes of cannabis use among youth in Canada, England, and the US, 2017 to 2019.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-Potency Cannabis Use and Health: A Systematic Review of Observational and Experimental Studies.The American journal of psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Is legalization of recreational cannabis associated with levels of use and cannabis use disorder among youth in the United States? A rapid systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Harm perceptions of smoking versus vaping cannabis and correlates: national surveys of youth and young adults in England, Canada, and the United States.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Modes of cannabis administration, cannabis and tobacco co-use, and associations with respiratory and cannabis use outcomes in a permissive medical cannabis state.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- The role of subcortical brain tissue iron as an indicator of dopamine neurophysiology in adolescent cannabis use.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Drug-laced vaping-implications and emerging perioperative challenges for the anesthesiologist: a narrative review.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2026Review
- The use of cannabis for medical reasons in the UK: Prescriptions, sources, products, and high-risk use.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Cannabis modalities matter for momentary subjective drug effects.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- How Cannabis Advertising and Price-Based Sales Promotion Shape Early Use: A National Study of Adolescents and Young Adults.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Exploring Age and Sex Differences in the Use of Cannabis Vaping Products: Results From the Canadian Cannabis Survey 2020-2023.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Cannabis products and risk perceptions among people who consume and do not consume cannabis in the UK: findings from the International Cannabis Policy Study.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Trends in the diagnostic prevalence of cannabis-related disorders and co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adolescents: analysis of German health insurance data from 2013 to 2022.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Mental health matters? An examination of how anxiety and depression influence the alcohol-e-cigarette use relationship.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Independent brain cortical signatures of risk for adolescent cannabis use and consequences of such use are moderated by sex.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Social network influences on adolescent substance use: Exposure, perceptions, and ethnicity.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Article
- Mapping the Landscape: A Scoping Review of Evaluated Substance Use Harm Reduction Programs for Youth.Journal of drug education · 2025Article
- Exploring cannabis consumption stigma in Canada with consideration of age and gender differences.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Trends in Cannabis-Related Hospitalizations in Arizona From 2016 to 2021 and Associations With Mental Health-Related Hospitalizations.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Legalizing Youth-Friendly Cannabis Edibles and Extracts and Adolescent Cannabis Use.JAMA network open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCannabis markets are evolving in terms of greater diversity and potency of products. The current study examined changes in cannabis use and modes of consumption among 16- to 19-year-olds in three markets with different regulatory frameworks: England, Canada, and the United States (US).
methodsRepeat cross-sectional online surveys were conducted in 2017, 2018, and 2019, with samples of 16- to 19-year-olds recruited from commercial panels in Canada (n = 11,779), England (n = 11,117), and the US (n = 11,869). Regression models examined changes in the prevalence of any cannabis use and use of seven modes of consumption, across the countries.
resultsCannabis use among youth was more prevalent among respondents in Canada and the US than in England in all years and increased to a greater extent between 2017 and 2019 (p < .001 for all contrasts). Among past 30-day cannabis consumers, the prevalence of vaping oils/liquids and the use of cannabis extracts (oil, wax and shatter) increased in all countries, and was significantly higher in Canada and US. For example, the prevalence of vaping oils/liquids increased from 24.2 % in 2017 to 52.1 % in 2019 among past 30-day cannabis consumers in the US (AOR = 3.46, 95 %CI = 2.57-4.66).
conclusionPrevalence is increasing for the most potent categories of cannabis products, particularly among youth in Canada and the US. Future research should examine the potential risks of these products and whether shifts in modes of cannabis reflect recent permissive changes to cannabis policy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.