ReviewAdvanced drug delivery reviews2021
Recombinant protein vaccines, a proven approach against coronavirus pandemics.
Review in Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 160 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 275 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the Secret of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern/Interest and Immune Escape.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant RBD-based protein adjuvanted vaccine used as booster in healthy adults.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of a Protein-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Comparative Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 Versus Protein-Based NVX-CoV2705 Vaccination on COVID-19-Related Outcomes Among Insured Adults in the United States During 2024-2025: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Clinical Guidelines for Hepatitis E Vaccination in India: An Expert Panel Consensus Report on the Recombinant Hepatitis E Vaccine, HEV 239.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- A novel fusion protein of COVID-19 virus enhancing protection of Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Article
- Next-generation intranasal influenza vaccines: mechanisms, platforms, and translational progress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Use of shotgun immunoproteomics for the development of protein vaccines against Edwardsiella piscicida.Fish & shellfish immunology · 2026Article
- Antibody response induced by structural proteins fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy of Nanoemulsion-Adjuvanted Monkeypox Virus Recombinant Vaccines Against Lethal Challenge in Mice.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Current Status and Challenges of Vaccine Development for Seasonal Human Coronaviruses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- A Spike-Accum bioconjugate protein vaccine confers potent SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity.iScience · 2025Article
- Development of therapeutic cancer vaccines based on cancer immunity cycle.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Review
- Adjuvanted Protein Vaccines Boost RNA-Based Vaccines for Broader and More Potent Immune Responses.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Mature Dendritic Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles are Potent Mucosal Adjuvants for Influenza Hemagglutinin Vaccines.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Self-assembling TLR2 agonists promote mucosal immune responses without pulmonary immunopathologic injuries in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern.Vaccines · 2025Review
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
With the COVID-19 pandemic now ongoing for close to a year, people all over the world are still waiting for a vaccine to become available. The initial focus of accelerated global research and development efforts to bring a vaccine to market as soon as possible was on novel platform technologies that promised speed but had limited history in the clinic. In contrast, recombinant protein vaccines, with numerous examples in the clinic for many years, missed out on the early wave of investments from government and industry. Emerging data are now surfacing suggesting that recombinant protein vaccines indeed might offer an advantage or complement to the nucleic acid or viral vector vaccines that will likely reach the clinic faster. Here, we summarize the current public information on the nature and on the development status of recombinant subunit antigens and adjuvants targeting SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.