ReviewImmunology letters2021
Immune reactivity during COVID-19: Implications for treatment.
Review in Immunology letters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 and Liver Injury, Beyond the First Pandemic Waves: Clinical and Immune-Virological Features.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Article
- The Antiviral Efficacy and Safety of Azvudine in Hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients with Liver Diseases Based on a Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Observational
- The silent predictors: exploring galectin-3 and Irisin's tale in severe COVID-19.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Characteristics of patients with non-severe infections of different SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Longitudinal dynamic clinical phenotypes of in-hospital COVID-19 patients across three dominant virus variants in New York.International journal of medical informatics · 2024Article
- Genetic examination of hematological parameters in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.Blood cells, molecules & diseases · 2023Article
- Spontaneous cancer remission after COVID-19: insights from the pandemic and their relevance for cancer treatment.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Monocytic HLA-DR Expression in Immune Responses of Acute Pancreatitis and COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Ceftazidime-Avibactam in the Treatment ofInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- An evidence-based debate on epigenetics and immunosenescence in COVID-19.Current research in immunology · 2023Review
- Targeted genetic analysis unveils novel associations between ACE I/D and APO T158C polymorphisms with D-dimer levels in severe COVID-19 patients with pulmonary embolism.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2023Observational
- Viral proteases as therapeutic targets.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2022Review
- Immune, inflammatory and prothrombotic parameters in COVID-19 patients treated with an anti EGFR antibody.Immunology letters · 2022Article
- Biological and Exploitable Crossroads for the Immune Response in Cancer and COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2022Review
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- Potential Antiviral Strategy Exploiting Dependence of SARS-CoV-2 Replication on Lysosome-Based Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Effects of Drugs Formerly Proposed for COVID-19 Treatment on Connexin43 Hemichannels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Cellular, Antibody and Cytokine Pathways in Children with Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection and MIS-C-Can We Match the Puzzle?Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and fatigue which may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The main hematological laboratory findings associated with the severe form of disease are represented by lymphopenia and eosinopenia which mostly occur in the elderly population characterized by cardiovascular comorbidities and immunosenescence. Besides, increased levels of D-dimer, procalcitonin, and C reactive protein (CRP) seem to be powerful prognostic biomarkers helping to predict the onset of coagulopathy. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 can lead to an aberrant inflammatory response or "cytokine storm" which contributes to the severity of illness. At immunological level, patients affected by a severe form of COVID-19 show poor clinical trajectories characterized by differential "immunotypes" for which T cell response seems to play a critical role in understanding pathogenic mechanisms of disease. Also, patients with mild to severe COVID-19 displayed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), very low human leukocyte antigen D related (HLA-DR) expression with a parallel reduction of CD04
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.