ReviewHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2021
The Use of Rifaximin in Patients With Cirrhosis.
Review in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05786859 (The Efficacy and Safety of Rifaximin In The Treatment of HBV Associated Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients With Mild to Moderate Hepatic Encephalopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 74 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Efficacy and Safety of Rifaximin In The Treatment of HBV Associated Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients With Mild to Moderate Hepatic Encephalopathy
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spray Drying for Pharmaceutical Raw Materials: A Systematic Review on Enhancing Bioavailability and Stability.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of rifaximin in preventing hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- CROATIAN GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION.Acta clinica Croatica · 2024Guideline
- Research reviews and prospects of gut microbiota in liver cirrhosis: a bibliometric analysis (2001-2023).Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Rifaximin for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Is rifaximin better than nonabsorbable disaccharides in hepatic encephalopathy?: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of YAQ001 on the Gut Microbiome, Permeability and Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Patients With Cirrhosis.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Trial
- Rifaximin Improves Frailty in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Randomized Trial.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Trial
- The impact of rifaximin on inflammation and metabolism in alcoholic hepatitis: A randomized clinical trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- The role of systemic inflammation in hepatic encephalopathy: advances in inflammatory mechanisms, prevention and treatment research.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Covert hepatic encephalopathy as a multi-organ syndrome: the gut-liver-muscle-brain axis, diagnosis, treatment, and multidisciplinary care.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- [Novel targets and drugs for the treatment of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Lack of association between rifaximin and drug-resistant infections: a global multicenter inpatient cirrhosis cohort.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- Covert hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: implications for early diagnosis and appropriate management.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- The Gastrointestinal Barrier-Mechanisms of Barrier Dysfunction in Liver Cirrhosis and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Rifaximin Protects Against Inflammation and Fibrosis in MASH: Any Role for Ethanol-Producing Bacteria?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rifaximin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis.Cureus · 2026Article
- Intestinal decontamination with rifaximin attenuates LSEC dysfunction and liver fibrosis in mice.PloS one · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and gut-lung axis: the potential role of rifaximin.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Increased risk of antimicrobial resistance in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy using rifaximin.Nature communications · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 10 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rifaximin is an oral nonsystemic antibiotic with minimal gastrointestinal absorption and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity covering both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Rifaximin is currently used worldwide in patients with cirrhosis for preventing recurrent HE because its efficacy and safety have been proven by large randomized clinical trials. In the last decade, experimental and clinical evidence suggest that rifaximin could have other beneficial effects on the course of cirrhosis by modulating the gut microbiome and affecting the gut-liver axis, which in turn can interfere with major events of the pathophysiological cascade underlying decompensated cirrhosis, such as systemic inflammatory syndrome, portal hypertension, and bacterial infections. However, the use of rifaximin for prevention or treatment of other complications, including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or other bacterial infections, is not accepted because evidence by clinical trials is still very weak. The present review deals in the first part with the potential impact of rifaximin on pathogenic mechanisms in liver diseases, whereas in the second part, its clinical effects are critically discussed. It clearly emerges that, because of its potential activity on multiple pathogenic events, the efficacy of rifaximin in the prevention or management of complications other than HE deserves to be investigated extensively. The results of double-blinded, adequately powered randomized clinical trials assessing the effect of rifaximin, alone or in combination with other drugs, on hard clinical endpoints, such as decompensation of cirrhosis, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and mortality, are therefore eagerly awaited.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.