Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33421117›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental psychobiology2021

Differences in mother-child and father-child RSA synchrony: Moderation by child self-regulation and dyadic affect.

Erika Lunkenheimer, Kayla M Brown, Anna Fuchs

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental psychobiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Mother-Child Biobehavioral Synchrony and Its Association With Social Functioning in Autistic School-Aged Children.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Dynamic respiratory sinus arrhythmia self-regulation and coregulation in response to caregiving challenges in at-risk mother-child and father-child dyads.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. The influence of children's effortful control on parent-child behavioral synchrony.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2022
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Individual Differences in Infants' Speech Segmentation Performance: The Role of Mother-Infant Cardiac Synchrony.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
    Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Erika LunkenheimerThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6423-256X
Kayla M BrownThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3910-3328
Anna FuchsThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9022-7414

Funding

Parent Self-Regulation, Parent-Child Coregulation, and Harsh DisciplineR01HD097189 · NICHD · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI LUNKENHEIMER, ERIKA · 2019 to 2023
$2.6M
Creating the Next Generation of Scholars in CM Science (CMT32)T32HD101390 · NICHD · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI Erika Lunkenheimer, Hannah Milena Caroline Schreier · 2020 to 2026
$1.9M
Parent-Child Biobehavioral Coregulation and Child Maltreatment RiskK01HD068170 · NICHD · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI LUNKENHEIMER, ERIKA · 2012 to 2016
$640k
NICHD NIH HHS K01 HD068170NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD097189NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD101390
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parents and preschoolers show respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) synchrony, but it is unclear how child self-regulation and the dyadic affective climate shape RSA synchrony and how synchrony differs for mothers and fathers. We examined child average RSA, externalizing problems, and dyadic positive affect as moderators of the synchrony of dynamic, within-epoch child and parent RSA reactivity during a challenging task. Mothers (N = 82) and fathers (N = 60) oversampled for familial risk participated with their 3-year-olds. For mothers, when children showed either higher externalizing or lower average RSA, negative RSA synchrony was observed as dynamic coupling of maternal RSA augmentation and child RSA withdrawal, suggesting inadequate support of the child during challenge. However, when children showed both higher externalizing and lower average RSA, indicating greater regulatory difficulties overall, positive synchrony was observed as joint RSA withdrawal. The same patterns were found for father-child RSA synchrony but instead with respect to the moderators of higher externalizing and lower dyadic positive affect. Findings suggest moderators of RSA synchrony differ by parent and shared positive affect plays a robust role in fathers' RSA reactivity and synchrony. Mothers may be more attuned to children's regulatory capacities, whereas fathers may be more influenced by the immediate behavioral context.

Indexed as

Respiratory Sinus ArrhythmiaSelf-ControlChild, PreschoolFathersFemaleHumansMaleMother-Child RelationsMotherscoregulationexternalizingfathersRSAsynchrony

Identifiers

PMID33421117
PMCPMC8267053

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.