ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2021
HSV encephalitis triggered anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a case report.
Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral nervous system involvement accompanies central nervous system involvement in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From a focal skin issue to a systemic disease: the multifaceted nature of cold sores, novel findings.Virusdisease · 2024Article
- Type 2 herpes simplex virus-induced anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis responsive to immunoglobulin monotherapy.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- SOX1 Antibody in a Patient With Serotonin Syndrome.Cureus · 2023Article
- N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis, Post Herpes Encephalitis in Two Pediatric Cases.Oman medical journal · 2023Article
- Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes of the Central Nervous System: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The presence of human respiratory syncytial virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis of unknown trigger.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Th17 cells regulate the progress of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.American journal of translational research · 2022Article
- Case Report: Overlapping Syndrome of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis and MOG Inflammatory Demyelinating Disease in a Patient With Human Herpesviruses 7 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Prediction of severe adverse events, modes of action and drug treatments for COVID-19's complications.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Comprehensive B-Cell Immune Repertoire Analysis of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis and Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis (AE) is a common cause of nonviral infectious encephalitis, which can be triggered by herpes simplex virus infection. Previous studies have shown that approximately 27% of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) patients produce anti-NMDAR antibodies within 3 months. Immunotherapy is recommended in this situation, but some symptoms usually remain in the 1-year follow-up. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 23-year-old Chinese young woman developed epileptic attack followed by psychiatric symptoms of confusion and irritation as well as cognitive deficits. Brain MRI showed hyperintense lesions of the right temporal lobe on DWI and T2 without contrast enhancement effects. Twenty-one days of acyclovir was administered based on the primary diagnosis of HSE. The anti-NMDAR antibody (IgG) was detected positively on day 11 after disease onset. She had improved cognitive function but suffered another grand mal epilepsy after the first course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy combined with 1000 mg intravenous methylprednisolone. After discussion, another course of IVIG was started for 5 days. Her symptoms were well controlled with only mild cognitive deficits at the 1-year follow-up (mRS = 1).
conclusionsOur case indicated that anti-NMDAR antibodies could develop earlier after HSE compared with previous data from adults. We suggested detecting AE antibodies simultaneously with each CSF analysis. Meanwhile, the second course of IVIG therapy was reasonable when symptoms were not controlled after the first course of IVIG combined with IV steroid treatment.
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