ArticleScientific reports2021
A novel immune prognostic index for stratification of high-risk patients with early breast cancer.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visual analytics framework for survival analysis and biomarker discovery from gene expression data.PloS one · 2026Article
- Survival outcomes and prognostic factors of breast cancer spinal metastases: a retrospective study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Hierarchical Lineage Tracing Reveals Diverse Pathways of AML Treatment Resistance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Minimally invasive determination of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) subtype by means of circulating cell-free RNA.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Differential molecular characterization of human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its prognostic value.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Integrating single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing to develop a cancer-associated fibroblast-related signature for immune infiltration prediction and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Interleukine-2 serum level in breast cancer patients.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2023Article
- TRAT1 overexpression delays cancer progression and is associated with immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Two novel qualitative transcriptional signatures robustly applicable to non-research-oriented colorectal cancer samples with low-quality RNA.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prognostic value of current multigene assays for breast cancer is limited to hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative early breast cancer. Despite the prognostic significance of immune response-related genes in breast cancer, immune gene signatures have not been incorporated into most multigene assays. Here, using public gene expression microarray datasets, we classified breast cancer patients into three risk groups according to clinical risk and proliferation risk. We then developed the immune prognostic index based on expression of five immune response-related genes (TRAT1, IL2RB, CTLA4, IGHM and IL21R) and lymph node status to predict the risk of recurrence in the clinical and proliferation high-risk (CPH) group. The 10-year probability of disease-free survival (DFS) or distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of patients classified as high risk according to the immune prognostic index was significantly lower than those of patients classified as intermediate or low risk. Multivariate analysis revealed that the index is an independent prognostic factor for DFS or DMFS. Moreover, the C-index revealed that it is superior to clinicopathological variables for predicting prognosis. Its prognostic significance was also validated in independent datasets. The immune prognostic index identified low-risk patients among patients classified as CPH, regardless of the molecular subtype of breast cancer, and may overcome the limitations of current multigene assays.
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