ArticleScientific reports2021
Interleukin 6 in cerebrospinal fluid is a biomarker for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) related infarctions after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Compartmental Cerebrospinal Fluid Events Occurring after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An "Heparin Oriented" Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Inflammatory Cytokine Changes Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Animal Models and Humans.Translational stroke research · 2022Pooled it
- Auricular vagus nerve stimulation for mitigation of inflammation and vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-institution randomized controlled trial.Journal of neurosurgery · 2025Trial
- Safety and pharmacodynamic efficacy of eculizumab in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (CLASH): A phase 2a randomized clinical trial.European stroke journal · 2023Trial
- Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Functional Outcome in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Role of CNS Infection-Related Parameters.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Dexpanthenol and parallel stress-response alterations in the subacute phase after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Early Detection of Cerebral Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by IL-6 Electrochemiluminescence Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical therapies.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Distinct Inflammatory Profiles in Angiography-Negative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Focused Case Series.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Urine Metanephrine Concentration Can Early and Accurately Predict Etiology of Acute Respiratory Failure in Critically Ill Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Single-Center Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Early CCR2-dependent monocyte recruitment defines a critical neuroinflammatory window after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Distinct Cytokine Responses in Central and Systemic Compartments after Subarachnoid Haemorrhage.Translational stroke research · 2025Article
- Article
- Biomarkers in Aneurysmatic and Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: A Clinical Prospective Multicentre Biomarker Panel Study of S100B, Claudin-5, Interleukin-10, TREM-1, TREM-2 and Neurofilament Light Chain As Well As Immunoglobulin G and M.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Observational
- Early CSF inflammatory markers after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and their relationship to disease severity and shunt placement.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2025Article
- TMEM119-positive microglial cells in cerebrospinal fluid, a potential new marker for neuroinflammatory response after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Multi-targeted olink proteomics analyses of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Proteome science · 2024Article
- Effect ofJournal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2024Article
- The urotensin II receptor triggers an early meningeal response and a delayed macrophage-dependent vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in male mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a prominent proinflammatory cytokine and has been discussed as a potential biomarker for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the present study we have analyzed the time course of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 levels in 82 patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) requiring external ventricular drains in correlation to angiographic vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, secondary infarctions and other clinical parameters. We observed much higher daily mean IL-6 levels (but also large interindividual variations) in the CSF than the serum of the patients with a peak between days 4 and 14 including a maximum on day 5 after SAH. Individual CSF peak levels correlated significantly with DCI (mean day 4-14 peak, DCI: 26,291 ± 24,159 pg/ml vs. no DCI: 16,184 ± 13,163 pg/ml; P = 0.023). Importantly, CSF IL-6 levels differed significantly between cases with DCI and infarctions and patients with DCI and no infarction (mean day 4-14 peak, DCI with infarction: 37,209 ± 26,951 pg/ml vs. DCI, no infarction: 15,123 ± 11,239 pg/ml; P = 0.003), while findings in the latter patient group were similar to cases with no vasospasm (mean day 4-14 peak, DCI, no infarction: 15,123 ± 11,239 vs. no DCI: 15,840 ± 12,979; P = 0.873). Together, these data support a potential role for elevated CSF IL-6 levels as a biomarker for DCI with infarction rather than for DCI in general. This fits well with a growing body of evidence linking neuroinflammation to ischemia and infarction, but (together with the large interindividual variations observed) limits the diagnostic usefulness of CSF IL-6 levels in SAH patients.
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