ArticleNature communications2021
HIV-1 diversity considerations in the application of the Intact Proviral DNA Assay (IPDA).
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 74 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine as First-line Antiretroviral Treatment on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reservoir and Inflammatory Markers in Peripheral Blood.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- In-depth Analysis of the HIV Reservoir Confirms Effectiveness and Safety of Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in a Phase 4 Randomized Controlled Switch Trial (RUMBA).The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Impact of a TLR9 agonist and broadly neutralizing antibodies on HIV-1 persistence: the randomized phase 2a TITAN trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Early intervention with 3BNC117 and romidepsin at antiretroviral treatment initiation in people with HIV-1: a phase 1b/2a, randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2022Trial
- Effect of 3BNC117 and romidepsin on the HIV-1 reservoir in people taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ROADMAP): a randomised, open-label, phase 2A trial.The Lancet. Microbe · 2022Trial
- HIV superinfection reveals sequential reservoir reactivation and immune-driven rebound dynamics.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Article
- Autologous neutralizing antibodies and polyfunctional T cells contribute to long-term HIV-1 post-intervention control.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Q4ddPCR: a flexible, 4-target assay for high-resolution HIV reservoir profiling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Elimination of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoirs Harboring Intact Proviruses.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- PRISM-Seq: An Ultra-sensitive Sequencing Approach For Mapping Lentiviral Integration Sites.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Tools to Quantify and Characterize the Persistent Reservoir in People with HIV-1: Focus on Non-B Subtypes.Viruses · 2026Review
- Keystone Epitope Theory: An Ecological Perspective on RNA Viruses, Tumor Immunoediting, and Vaccine Design.Pathogens & immunity · 2026Review
- Ultra-low level HIV p24 drives immune activation in antiretroviral therapy-treated people living with HIV.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Persistent cell-associated HIV-1 RNA in virally suppressed individuals on INSTI-based ART.Journal of virus eradication · 2025Article
- Evolution of the HIV-1 integration site landscape and inducible reservoir in early-treated people.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Within-Subtype HIV-1 Polymorphisms and Their Impacts on Intact Proviral DNA Assay (IPDA) for Viral Reservoir Quantification.Viruses · 2025Article
- Lymphoid and CXCR4 Cell Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles Facilitate HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Rapid clearance of inducible HIV-1 proviruses after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Autologous HIV-specific T cell therapy targeting conserved epitopes is well-tolerated in six adults with HIV: an open-label, single-arm phase 1 study.Nature communications · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Intact Proviral DNA Assay (IPDA) was developed to address the critical need for a scalable method for intact HIV-1 reservoir quantification. This droplet digital PCR-based assay simultaneously targets two HIV-1 regions to distinguish genomically intact proviruses against a large background of defective ones, and its application has yielded insights into HIV-1 persistence. Reports of assay failures however, attributed to HIV-1 polymorphism, have recently emerged. Here, we describe a diverse North American cohort of people with HIV-1 subtype B, where the IPDA yielded a failure rate of 28% due to viral polymorphism. We further demonstrate that within-host HIV-1 diversity can lead the IPDA to underestimate intact reservoir size, and provide examples of how this phenomenon could lead to erroneous interpretation of clinical trial data. While the IPDA represents a major methodological advance, HIV-1 diversity should be addressed before its widespread adoption as a principal readout in HIV-1 remission trials.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.