Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33419963›Full record

ReviewOncogenesis2021

Understanding the common mechanisms of heart and skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia.

Valentina Rausch, Valentina Sala, Fabio Penna, Paolo Ettore Porporato, Alessandra Ghigo

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Oncogenesis, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Thbs1Journal of advanced research · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Cardiac Modulation byCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
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15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Valentina RauschDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
Valentina SalaDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
Fabio PennaDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
Paolo Ettore PorporatoDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. paolo.porporato@unito.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-1552
Alessandra GhigoDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. alessandra.ghigo@unito.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1193-5296
University of Turin · IT

Funding

Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (Italian Association for Cancer Research) 23951Fondazione Cariplo (Cariplo Foundation) GR 2017-0800Ministero della Salute (Ministry of Health, Italy) GR-2013-02355449Ministero della Salute (Ministry of Health, Italy) RF-2013-02354892
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cachexia is a severe complication of cancer that adversely affects the course of the disease, with currently no effective treatments. It is characterized by a progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, resulting in weight loss, a reduced quality of life, and a shortened life expectancy. Although the cachectic condition primarily affects the skeletal muscle, a tissue that accounts for ~40% of total body weight, cachexia is considered a multi-organ disease that involves different tissues and organs, among which the cardiac muscle stands out for its relevance. Patients with cancer often experience severe cardiac abnormalities and manifest symptoms that are indicative of chronic heart failure, including fatigue, shortness of breath, and impaired exercise tolerance. Furthermore, cardiovascular complications are among the major causes of death in cancer patients who experienced cachexia. The lack of effective treatments for cancer cachexia underscores the need to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Increasing evidence links the wasting of the cardiac and skeletal muscles to metabolic alterations, primarily increased energy expenditure, and to increased proteolysis, ensuing from activation of the major proteolytic machineries of the cell, including ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis and autophagy. This review aims at providing an overview of the key mechanisms of cancer cachexia, with a major focus on those that are shared by the skeletal and cardiac muscles.

Identifiers

PMID33419963
PMCPMC7794402
OpenAlexW3119842602

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.