ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
An Unrecognized Hazard in E-Cigarette Vapor: Preliminary Quantification of Methylglyoxal Formation from Propylene Glycol in E-Cigarettes.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methylglyoxal and Glyoxal in High-Puff Disposable Electronic Cigarette Liquids: Unexpected Accumulation and Enhanced Cytotoxicity.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Methylglyoxal mutagenizes single-stranded DNA via Rev1-associated slippage and mispairing.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Inhalation exposure to dihydroxyacetone promotes lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in A/J mice.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Methylglyoxal mutagenizes single-stranded DNA via Rev1-associated slippage and mispairing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Acetaldehyde and methylglyoxal: comparative analysis of toxic electronic cigarette degradation products in 3D and 2D exposure systems using human bronchial epithelial models.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- Multidisciplinary approaches in electronic nicotine delivery systems pulmonary toxicology: emergence of living and non-living bioinspired engineered systems.Communications engineering · 2024Review
- Ultrasonic Cigarettes: Chemicals and Cytotoxicity are Similar to Heated-Coil Pod-Style Electronic Cigarettes.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- A tipping point in dihydroxyacetone exposure: mitochondrial stress and metabolic reprogramming alter survival in rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells.Chemico-biological interactions · 2024Article
- The combination of propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin e-cigarette aerosols induces airway inflammation and mucus hyperconcentration.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Rat bronchoalveolar lavage proteome changes following e-cigarette aerosol exposures.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- E-cigarette aerosols of propylene glycol impair BK channel activity and parameters of mucociliary function.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- Article
- E-cigarette exposure causes early pro-atherogenic changes in an inducible murine model of atherosclerosis.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Article
- Xenobiotics Delivered by Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Potential Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms on the Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Disposable E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Experimental Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Assessment of worker chemical exposures in California vape shops.Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene · 2022Article
- Vaping and Lung Inflammation and Injury.Annual review of physiology · 2022Review
- Early Diagnosis of Oral Mucosal Alterations in Smokers and E-Cigarette Users Based on Micronuclei Count: A Cross-Sectional Study among Dental Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Methylglyoxal-Dependent Glycative Stress Is Prevented by the Natural Antioxidant Oleuropein in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells through Nrf2/Glo1 Pathway.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Predicting molecular mechanisms, pathways, and health outcomes induced by Juul e-cigarette aerosol chemicals using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database.Current research in toxicology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Up to 95% of the liquid volume in an e-cigarette consists of propylene glycol. Previous research has shown that propylene glycol can generate diacetyl and formaldehyde when heated. New research shows that propylene glycol can also generate methylglyoxal, an alpha di-carbonyl compound recently shown to cause epithelial necrosis at even lower concentrations than diacetyl, the flavoring chemical associated with bronchiolitis obliterans ("Popcorn Lung"). We analyzed chemical emissions from 13 JUUL pod flavors. Diacetyl and methylglyoxal was detected in 100% of samples with median concentration (range) of 20 µg/m
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.