Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33418230›Full record

ArticleNutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)2021

Increased risk for COVID-19 in patients with vitamin D deficiency.

Joseph Katz, Sijia Yue, Wei Xue

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
12.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. Gut distress and interventionFrontiers in public health · 2023
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1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Joseph KatzDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Electronic address: jkatz@dental.ufl.edu.
Sijia YueDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professionals, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Wei XueDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professionals, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
University of Florida · US

Funding

Yale University Clinical and Translational Science Award ProgramUL1TR000142 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SHERWIN, ROBERT S · 2012 to 2015
$31.8M
UF Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR000064 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI NELSON, DAVID R · 2012 to 2014
$12.2M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000064NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000142
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionally affected a variety of patients with underlying risk factors such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and black race. Vitamin D deficiency, which can result in a compromised immune response, has been also linked to increased risk and increased morbidities associated with COVID-19. In the absence of large-scale longitudinal studies to determine the strength of association between vitamin deficiency and COVID-19, cross-sectional studies of large patient cohorts can be used.

methodsWe used the i2b2 patient's registry platform at the University of Florida Health Center to generate a count of patients using the international classification of diseases (ICD)-10 diagnosis codes for the period of October 1, 2015, through June 30, 2020. Logistic regression of the aggregates was used for the analysis.

resultsPatients with vitamin D deficiency were 4.6 times more likely to be positive for COVID-19 (indicated by the ICD-10 diagnostic code COVID19) than patients with no deficiency (P < 0.001). The association decreased slightly after adjusting for sex (odds ratio [OR] = 4.58; P < 0.001) and malabsorption (OR = 4.46; P < 0.001), respectively. The association decreased significantly but remained robust (P < 0.001) after adjusting for race (OR = 3.76; P < 0.001), periodontal disease status (OR = 3.64; P < 0.001), diabetes (OR = 3.28; P < 0.001), and obesity (OR = 2.27; P < 0.001), respectively. In addition, patients with vitamin D deficiency were 5 times more likely to be infected with COVID-19 than patients with no deficiency after adjusting for age groups (OR = 5.155; P < 0.001).

conclusionsVitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with increased risk for COVID-19.

Indexed as

SARS-CoV-2AdolescentAdultAgedCOVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFloridaHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioRegistriesRisk FactorsVitamin DVitamin Dcorona virus 19COVID-19dental diseaseodds ratiovitamin D

Identifiers

PMID33418230
PMCPMC7716744
OpenAlexW3109168787

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.