SynthesisInternational urogynecology journal2021
The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International urogynecology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training and Modified Pilates Exercises in Elderly Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence
Efficacy of Mini Sling Versus Transobturator Tape in Surgical Management of Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence
This Study Investigates the Role of Strain Elastography in Assessing Paraurethral Tissue Elasticity in Continent and Incontinent Pre- and Postmenopausal Women. It Also Evaluates the Predictive Value of Strain Elastography Compared to Other Pelvic Imaging Modalities, Including Conventional Ultrasound Examinations, in Supporting Treatment Decision-making for Urinary Incontinence.
Does a Regular Tampon or Intravaginal Pessary Mitigate Urine Leakage While Running Among Females Who Experience Exercise-induced Urinary Incontinence?
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Most of the pelvic floor muscle functions in women differ in different body positions, yet others remain similar: systematic review with meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Molecular Processes in Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of vitamin D supplementation on the severity of stress urinary incontinence in premenopausal women with vitamin D insufficiency: a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC women's health · 2022Trial
- Effects of various pelvic floor muscle training forms and combined regimens on muscle strength, function, and recurrence rate in post-vaginal delivery stress urinary incontinence patients.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Beyond the Mesh: PuboUrethral Ligament Plication Versus Transobturator Tape at 6 Months and the Power of Preoperative ICIQ-SF for Risk Stratification.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Viewing the Pelvic Floor Through a Philosophical Lens: Constructing a Novel Theoretical System for Pelvic Floor Stress Dysfunction Disorders.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- The Posterior Urethrovesical Angle in Continent and Incontinent Women Before and After a Treadmill Run.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Collagen remodeling drives continence recovery: radiofrequency therapy ameliorates SUI via TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway activation - evidence from a rat model.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association meta-analyses over one million individuals identify 54 loci associated with urinary incontinence and its subtypes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Urinary incontinence during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Comparison of Abdominal Muscle Thickness and Lumbopelvic Control Among Women With and Without Different Severity of Stress Urinary Incontinence.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Antenatal and Postnatal Screening for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Using an Electronic Patient Reported Outcome Measure.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Ultrasound Characteristics of Trunk Muscles in Postpartum Women, and Their Correlation with Symptoms of Stress Urinary Incontinence.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Robot-assisted anterior abdomino-vaginal mesh suspension for stress urinary incontinence associated with anterior compartment pelvic organ prolapse: technique, imaging workflow, and 12-month pilot outcomes.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- A Novel Technology for Needle-Free Injections of Liquids, Particles and Viable Cells into the Submucosa of the Urethra by a Pressure-Controlled Waterjet Technology.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Urinary Incontinence Among Adults With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Association of stress urinary incontinence with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in adult women: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018) data.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Is pelvic floor loading in female runners associated with post-run changes in pelvic floor morphometry or function?BJU international · 2025Article
- Utilizing intelligent pelvic floor ultrasonography combined with real-time shear wave elastography for evaluating female pelvic floor functions.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisTo evaluate the evidence for pathologies underlying stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women.
methodsFor the data sources, a structured search of the peer-reviewed literature (English language; 1960-April 2020) was conducted using predefined key terms in PubMed and Embase. Google Scholar was also searched. Peer-reviewed manuscripts that reported on anatomical, physiological or functional differences between females with signs and/or symptoms consistent with SUI and a concurrently recruited control group of continent females without any substantive urogynecological symptoms. Of 4629 publications screened, 84 met the inclusion criteria and were retained, among which 24 were included in meta-analyses.
resultsSelection bias was moderate to high; < 25% of studies controlled for major confounding variables for SUI (e.g., age, BMI and parity). There was a lack of standardization of methods among studies, and several measurement issues were identified. Results were synthesized qualitatively, and, where possible, random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Deficits in urethral and bladder neck structure and support, neuromuscular and mechanical function of the striated urethral sphincter (SUS) and levator ani muscles all appear to be associated with SUI. Meta-analyses showed that observed bladder neck dilation and lower functional urethral length, bladder neck support and maximum urethral closure pressures are strong characteristic signs of SUI.
conclusionThe pathology of SUI is multifactorial, with strong evidence pointing to bladder neck and urethral incompetence. While there is also evidence of impaired urethral support and levator ani function, standardized approaches to measurement are needed to generate higher levels of evidence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.