ArticleTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2021
Meningococcal carriage among Hajj pilgrims, risk factors for carriage and records of vaccination: a study of pilgrims to Mecca.
Article in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neisseria Meningitidis Carriage Among Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of invasive meningococcal disease epidemiology in the Eastern Mediterranean and North Africa region.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Immune persistence and booster response of a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-TT) 5 years after primary vaccination of adults at ≥56 years of age.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Prevalence and Associated Factor of Meningococcal Carriers of Indonesian Umrah Pilgrims.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in 181 Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims in Türkiye: Pre- and Post-Travel Prevalence and Serogroup Distribution n.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Observational
- Prevalence and Risk of Meningococcal Disease or Carriage During Mass Gatherings and Associated Travel: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Invasive meningococcal disease in older adults: current perspectives and call for action.European geriatric medicine · 2024Review
- Meningococcal disease within the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance among Pilgrims with Infectious Diseases during Hajj: Lessons Learnt from COVID-19 Pandemic.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Meningococcal Disease and Immunization Activities in Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage: a review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Review
- Carriage ofInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Special Issue: Travel and Tropical Medicine.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe Saudi government requires that all pilgrims receive a quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine at least 10 days before the Hajj. We conducted a study to determine the uptake of meningococcal vaccine and antibiotic use. We also investigated risk factors of meningococcal carriage and carriage of Neisseria meningitidis pathogenic serogroups A, C, W and Y.
methodsA cross-sectional oropharyngeal carriage survey was conducted in 2973 Hajj pilgrims in September 2017. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) assay was used to identify N. meningitidis from the oropharyngeal swabs. A questionnaire investigated potential risk factors for carriage of N. meningitidis.
resultsTwo thousand two hundred forty nine oropharyngeal swabs were obtained. The overall prevalence of carriage of N. meningitidis was 4.6% (95% CI: 3.4%-6%). Carriage of pathogenic serogroups was not associated significantly with any of the meningococcal risk factors evaluated. 77% of pilgrims were vaccinated but 22.58 % said they were carrying unofficial vaccination cards.
conclusionCarriage of serogroups A, C, W and Y was not significantly associated with any of the risk factors investigated. Almost a quarter of pilgrims were unlikely to have been vaccinated, highlighting a need to strengthen compliance with the current policy of vaccination to prevent meningococcal disease outbreaks during and after the Hajj.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.