ReviewBrain and neuroscience advances
The role of cytokines in modulating learning and memory and brain plasticity.
Review in Brain and neuroscience advances. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Atypical cytokine profiles in people on the autism spectrum: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis including 54 cytokines.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammatory Markers and their Relationship with Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- PPARγ Signaling in the Central Nervous System: A Review of the Implications in Synaptic Plasticity, Neuroinflammatory and Neoplastic Processes.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation-associated thalamocortical functional connectivity and cognition in older adults.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Article
- Evidence-Based Strategies for Addressing Cancer- and Treatment-Related Cognitive Impairment: A Review.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Sleep deprivation and memory: A neurobiological perspective.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Microglial Ccl4-Ccr5 signaling links systemic inflammation to synaptic loss and memory deficits in chronic kidney disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Perceived Racial Stress Effects on Neuropsychological Functioning in African Americans are Mediated by the Brain's Reward/Safety SEEKING Systems via Neuroimmune and Neuroendocrine Pathways.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Gut-brain axis in health and brain disease.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Protective Effect of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Overexpressing Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Newborn Rats.International journal of stem cells · 2026Article
- Interleukin 13 signaling modulates dopaminergic functions and nicotine reward in rodents.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effects of Exogenous SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein and mRNA Vaccines on Mixed Neuronal-Glial Cell Cultures.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- A Novel NLRP3 Inhibitor AMS-17 Rescues Deficits in Long-Term Potentiation Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adult C57Bl/6 Mice.Hippocampus · 2026Article
- Microglia depletion improves hippocampal circuit function after mild traumatic brain injury in male mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Emerging pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: from neuroimmune interactions to intercellular communication.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Chronic stress and cognitive dysfunction in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: HPA axis dysregulation and hippocampal plasticity.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Suspension Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment via PTGS2-Centered Neuroinflammatory Signaling.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Social exclusion in educational settings and the risk of alienation in adolescent development: a narrative review from a mind-body interaction perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokines are proteins secreted in the central nervous system by neurons, microglia, astrocytes and infiltrating peripheral immune cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Over the last 20 years, a growing number of reports have investigated the effects of these molecules on brain plasticity. In this review, we describe how the key cytokines interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor α were found to support long-term plasticity and learning and memory processes in physiological conditions. In contrast, during inflammation where cytokines levels are elevated such as in models of brain injury or infection, depression or neurodegeneration, the effects of cytokines are mostly detrimental to memory mechanisms, associated behaviours and homeostatic plasticity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.