Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33415214›Full record

ArticleSAGE open nursing

Translation and Adaption of Questionnaires: A Nursing Challenge.

Mary Kalfoss

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in SAGE open nursing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Psychometric evaluation of the Birth Trauma Scale among Iranian women.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026
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  15. Attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities in Norway.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2025
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  17. Translating Open-Ended Questions in Cross-Cultural Qualitative Research: A Comprehensive Framework.Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society · 2024
    Article
  18. Translation and Validation of Tinnitus Sample Case History Questionnaire in Tamil.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Mary KalfossVID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTranslation of previously developed questionnaires has often been the choice when addressing research to groups whose language is not English. In the translation of health-related questionnaires, it is highly important to assure congruency between the words and their true meaning in the language to which the questionnaire is translated.

aimTo describe the semantic problems encountered in translating a standardized questionnaire from English (the Identity and Experiences Scale) to Norwegian according to the World Health Organizations translation protocol.

designA mixed-method study was used with the formation of four focus groups and a postal survey. DATA SOURCES: Eighteen respondents from a nursing college in Oslo, an aged community in northeast Norway, and a community organization of retired persons in southeast Norway were focus group participants. In sum, 141 persons participated in the postal survey.

findingsA number of semantical challenges in relation to interpretation and understanding of the meaning and use of words in the Identity and Experiences Scale were found. DISCUSSION: Words bearing emotional weight and connected to complex operational concepts were found to be problematic. Various American-English colloquial expressions also caused semantical challenges. Other problems were related to sentence structure and grammar form.

conclusionTranslation, adaptation, and validation of questionnaires or scales for practice and research are very time-consuming and require careful planning and the adoption of rigorous methodological approaches to derive a reliable and valid measure of the concept of interest in the target population. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Translation quality is a methodological issue that nurses need to take seriously. It is highly recommended that nurses follow and document steps in a procedure of forward translation, qualitative reviews of translated items with regard to clarity, common language and conceptual adequacy, back translation, testing on lay panels, and committee review, or a probable variation of this procedure.

Indexed as

adaptabilityequivalenceinstrumentstranslationWHO translation protocol

Identifiers

PMID33415214
PMCPMC7774397

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.