ArticleBioMed research international2020
The Value of Contrast-Enhanced Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Detection of Cardiac Right-to-Left Shunt Related with Cryptogenic Stroke and Migraine.
Article in BioMed research international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative Analysis of Pulmonary Right-to-Left Shunts and Patent Foramen Ovale via Agitated Saline Contrast Transesophageal Echocardiography: Associations With Migraine, Cryptogenic Stroke, and Transient Ischemic Attack.Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Quantitative assessment and clinical value of right-to-left shunt in patent foramen ovale using three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography combined with right-heart contrast: a prospective study.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2026Article
- Incremental value of characteristics of right-to-left shunt in patients with migraine and cryptogenic stroke via multi-modal echocardiography.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Migraine and patent foramen ovale: correlation, coexistence, dependence. A narrative review.Headache · 2026Review
- Association between glymphatic dysfunction and cryptogenic stroke risk in patients with patent foramen ovale: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Comparison of the Application Value of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Diagnosing Patent Foramen Ovale Under Different States of Stimulation: A Retrospective Study.Clinical cardiology · 2024Article
- Neurological and cardiopulmonary manifestations of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Applicability of Transthoracic Contrast Echocardiography for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
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7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
purposeTo analyze the characteristics of right-to-left shunt (RLS) in patients with cryptogenic stroke and migraine by contrast-enhanced transesophageal echocardiography (c-TEE).
methodsThe study population consisted of 330 patients with cryptogenic stroke and 330 patients with migraine who suspected PFO. All of them received c-TEE examination successfully. In terms of c-TEE analyses, RLS could be diagnosed when microbubbles were visualized in the transition from the right atrium to the left atrium. For semiquantitative analysis, a small amount of RLS was grade 1, indicating 1-10 microvesicles per frame could be seen in the left atrium, a moderate amount of RLS was grade 2, indicating 11-30 microvesicles per frame could be seen in the left atrium, and a large amount of RLS was grade 3, indicating more than 30 microvesicles per frame, or the left atrium is filled with microvesicles.
resultsA total of 660 patients were analyzed in the study. PFO-RLS was detected in 348 (348/660, 52.7%) cases by TEE, while in 392 (392/660, 59.3%) cases by c-TEE. Simultaneously, P-RLS was detected in 239 (239/660, 36.2%) cases by c-TEE. Among 330 patients with cryptogenic stroke, PFO-RLS was detected in 198 cases; according to the c-TTE method (198/330, 60.0%), concurrently, 83 participants suffered from PFO-RLS and P-RSL (83/330, 25.1%), including 1 case with PFO and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Among 330 patients with migraine, PFO-RLS was detected in 194 cases; according to the c-TTE method (194/330, 58.7%), specifically, 90 participants suffered from PFO-RLS and P-RSL (90/330, 27.2%). There was no statistical significance between the two groups. P-RLS singly was detected in 28 cases with cryptogenic stroke, while in 38 cases with migraine, excluding from pulmonary arteriovenous fistula by CTA examination. In addition, semiquantitative results on c-TTE grading of RLS were compared between the two groups: grade 1 RLS in the migraine group (144/322) was significantly higher than that in the cryptogenic stroke group (71/309) (
conclusionsc-TEE can increase the positive rate of PFO diagnosis compared with TEE color Doppler. There is no significant difference in the incidence of PFO-PLS and P-RLS between the cryptogenic stroke group and the migraine group. The grades 2-3 RLS are mainly detected in the cryptogenic stroke group, while grades 1-2 RLS are mostly detected in the migraine group.
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