ReviewFrontiers in public health2020
Racial Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of the Role of Biologic and Non-biologic Factors.
Review in Frontiers in public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial and ethnic disparities in enrollment for clinical trials of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Pooled it
- Brain metastases in triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review of current trends, treatment strategies, and outcomes.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Fatigue Interference With Functioning in Metastatic Breast Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- Racial disparities in outcomes of patients with stage I-III triple-negative breast cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy: a post-hoc analysis of the E5103 randomized trial.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Trial
- Age, Body Mass Index, Tumor Subtype, and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Breast cancer polygenic risk score performance varies by socioeconomic status.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Biomarker, treatment patterns, and survival differences in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer by race in the United States.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- KRT17 promotes triple negative breast cancer through activation of Wnt signaling and γδ T-cells recruitment.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Automated calculation of background parenchymal enhancement as a biomarker of treatment responses and recurrence-free survival in breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Systemic Inflammatory and Hematological Profiles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Study from a Senegalese Cohort.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genetically bio-engineered PD-L1 targeted exosomes for immunotherapy of resistant triple negative breast cancer.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Persistent poverty and breast cancer incidence by tumor subtype: intersections of rural/urban residence and race within USA Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Registries, 2017 to 2021.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Article
- Beyond the tumor: the role of the gut microbiome in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Pan-immune-inflammation value: racial variations and differences in prognostic accuracy across breast cancer subtypes at a single institution.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway expression profiling reveals age- and subtype-specific molecular heterogeneity in the Nigerian breast cancer landscape.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Provider effects and racial inequities in breast cancer risk-management adoption: Findings from a community-based study of high-risk women.Patient education and counseling · 2026Article
- Immune-stromal heterogeneity in breast cancer across diverse ancestries: impact on prognosis and treatment response.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic- and Insurance-Based Inequities in Oncotype DX Testing and Score-Guided Treatment.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2). TNBC constitutes about 15-30 percent of all diagnosed invasive breast cancer cases in the United States. African-American (AA) women have high prevalence of TNBC with worse clinical outcomes than European-American (EA) women. The contributing factors underlying racial disparities have been divided into two major categories based on whether they are related to lifestyle (non-biologic) or unrelated to lifestyle (biologic). Our objective in the present review article was to understand the potential interactions by which these risk factors intersect to drive the initiation and development of the disparities resulting in the aggressive TNBC subtypes in AA women more likely than in EA women. To reach our goal, we conducted literature searches using MEDLINE/PubMed to identify relevant articles published from 2005 to 2019 addressing breast cancer disparities primarily among AA and EA women in the United States. We found that disparities in TNBC may be attributed to racial differences in biological factors, such as tumor heterogeneity, population genetics, somatic genomic mutations, and increased expression of genes in AA breast tumors which have direct link to breast cancer. In addition, a large number of non-biologic factors, including socioeconomic deprivation adversities associated with poverty, social stress, unsafe neighborhoods, lack of healthcare access and pattern of reproductive factors, can promote comorbid diseases such as obesity and diabetes which may adversely contribute to the aggression of TNBC biology in AA women. Further, the biological risk factors directly linked to TNBC in AA women may potentially interact with non-biologic factors to promote a higher prevalence of TNBC, more aggressive biology, and poor survival. The relative contributions of the biologic and non-biologic factors and their potential interactions is essential to our understanding of disproportionately high burden and poor survival rates of AA women with TNBC.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.