ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2020
Autoimmune Congenital Heart Block: A Review of Biomarkers and Management of Pregnancy.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discordant Manifestation of Congenital Heart Block in a Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Outcomes of pregnancies complicated by maternal autoimmune diseases in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden: a multi-national population-based register study.AJOG global reports · 2026Article
- Targeting FcRn for immunomodulation: a promising therapy in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Immune microenvironment dynamics in pregnant patients with concomitant autoimmune diseases: mechanisms, challenges, and clinical significance.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Complete Heart Block in the Fetus: An Antenatal Complication of Sjögren's Syndrome.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Fetal Congenital Complete Heart Block: 2 Success Stories Through Multidisciplinary Care.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Autoimmune antibodies in arrhythmia: a narrative review of potential therapeutic targets to prevent overtreatment.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2025Review
- Case Report: A multidisciplinary, protocol-driven pathway from recurrent pregnancy loss to live birth in an anti-Ro/SSA-positive primary Sjögren's syndrome pregnancy with literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Exploration of protein and genetic targets causing atrioventricular block: mendelian-randomization analyses based on eQTL data and pQTL data.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) in Inflammation and Disease: A Unique Inflammatory Pathway Activator.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Fetal and Neonatal Lupus: A Narrative Review of an Autoimmune Disease Transferal across the Placenta.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Autoimmune congenital heart block: a case report and review of the literature related to pathogenesis and pregnancy management.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Review
- Dual challenge inside the womb: a case report of concomitant fetal atrio-ventricular block associated with maternal anti-SSA antibodies and fetal tachyarrhythmia diagnosed as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome after birth.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Pre-Eclampsia: From Etiology and Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Tools-A Review of the Literature.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Article
- Management of Complete Heart Block in a Pregnant Woman with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Complications: Treatment Considerations and Pitfalls.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Predictors Associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a Cohort of Women with Systematic Lupus Erythematosus from Romania-An Observational Study (Stage 2).Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Disease criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); the potential role of non-criteria autoantibodies.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2022Article
- POTS and Pregnancy: A Review of Literature and Recommendations for Evaluation and Treatment.International journal of women's health · 2022Review
- Pregnancy outcomes of a joint obstetric and rheumatology clinic in a tertiary centre: a 2-year retrospective study of 98 pregnancies.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune Congenital Heart Block (CHB) is an immune-mediated disease due to transplacental passage of circulating anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibodies. It occurs in 2% of anti-Ro/SSA-exposed pregnancies, and recurrence rate is nine times higher in subsequent pregnancies. Aim of this review is to identify biomarkers of CHB and treatment strategies. The Ro-system is constituted by two polypeptides targeted by the anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 autoantibodies. The central portion of Ro52 (p200), more than the full amino-acid sequence of Ro-52, is recognized to be the fine specificity of anti-Ro associated to the highest risk of cardiac damage. If anti-p200 antibody should be tested, as biomarker of CHB, over standard commercial ELISAs is still debated. Recent studies indicate that type I-Interferon (IFN) can activate fibroblasts in fetal heart. In the mother the anti-Ro/La antibodies activate the type I IFN-signature, and maternal IFN-regulated genes correlate with a similar neonatal IFN-gene expression. Evaluation of maternal IFN-signature could be used as novel biomarker of CHB. The measurement of "mechanical" PR interval with weekly fetal echocardiogram (ECHO) from 16 to at least 24 weeks of gestation is strongly recommended for CHB prenatal diagnosis. However, ECHO screening presents some limitations due to difficult identification of first-degree block and possible occurrence of a complete block from a normal rhythm in few days. Maternal administration of Hydroxychloroquine from the tenth week of gestation, modulating toll-like receptor and autoantibody-dependent type I IFN activation on the fetus, has an important role in preventing CHB in pregnant women with high risk for recurrent CHB.
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Registered trials
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