Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33414687›Full record

ReviewPsychological science in the public interest : a journal of the American Psychological Society2020

Persistence and Fade-Out of Educational-Intervention Effects: Mechanisms and Potential Solutions.

Drew H Bailey, Greg J Duncan, Flávio Cunha, Barbara R Foorman, David S Yeager

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Psychological science in the public interest : a journal of the American Psychological Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pivoting Training and Coaching for an Early Numeracy Intervention During COVID-19.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026
    Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. A national randomized controlled trial of the impact of public Montessori preschool at the end of kindergarten.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Utility-value intervention promotes persistence and diversity in STEM.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Article
  17. Language environments of infants in the NICU improve after a brief parent education intervention.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Drew H BaileyUniversity of California, Irvine.
Greg J DuncanUniversity of California, Irvine.
Flávio CunhaRice University.
Barbara R FoormanFlorida State University.
David S YeagerUniversity of Texas at Austin.

Funding

Scientific & Technical CoreP2CHD042849 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI Elizabeth T. Gershoff · 2017 to 2026
$5.2M
Factors in Persistence Versus Fadeout of Early Childhood Intervention ImpactsR01HD095930 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Jade Vanessa Marcus Jenkins · 2019 to 2026
$5.2M
Estimating and Understanding Effects of Teaching Teens That People Can ChangeR01HD084772 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI YEAGER, DAVID S · 2015 to 2019
$3.0M
NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD042849NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD084772NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD095930
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Some environmental influences, including intentional interventions, have shown persistent effects on psychological characteristics and other socially important outcomes years and even decades later. At the same time, it is common to find that the effects of life events or interventions diminish and even disappear completely, a phenomenon known as

Indexed as

Capacity BuildingEnvironmentHealth EducationHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansPolicy MakingResearch Designeducationfadeout and persistenceinterventions

Identifiers

PMID33414687
PMCPMC7787577

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.