ArticleBritish journal of cancer2021
Lack of an association between gallstone disease and bilirubin levels with risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomisation analysis.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Defining Age to Screen and Real-World Effectiveness for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Observational
- Correlation between pre-treatment serum total blood bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2023Article
- Effect of bilirubin and Gilbert syndrome on health: cohort analysis of observational, genetic, and Mendelian randomisation associations.BMJ medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Association of serum bilirubin levels with risk of cancer development and total death.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological studies of the relationship between gallstone disease and circulating levels of bilirubin with risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) have been inconsistent. To address possible confounding and reverse causation, we examine the relationship between these potential risk factors and CRC using Mendelian randomisation (MR).
methodsWe used two-sample MR to examine the relationship between genetic liability to gallstone disease and circulating levels of bilirubin with CRC in 26,397 patients and 41,481 controls. We calculated the odds ratio per genetically predicted SD unit increase in log bilirubin levels (OR
resultsNo association between either gallstone disease (P value = 0.60) or circulating levels of bilirubin (OR
conclusionsDespite the large scale of this study, we found no evidence for a causal relationship between either circulating levels of bilirubin or gallstone disease with risk of developing CRC. While the magnitude of effect suggested by some observational studies can confidently be excluded, we cannot exclude the possibility of smaller effect sizes and non-linear relationships.
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