ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Cognitive functioning throughout adulthood and illness stages in individuals with psychotic disorders and their unaffected siblings.
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Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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27citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prefrontal cortex stimulation prevents stress-induced HPA axis reactivity in people at familial risk of schizophrenia.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Trial
- Polygenic risk score for neurodevelopmental disorders and cognitive impairment at long-term follow-up of first-episode psychosis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cognitive impairment preceding the onset of the first psychosis episode in schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Well-being and perceived social support in individuals with a sibling with psychiatric disorders: a comparative study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Premorbid functioning trajectories and the one-year course of cognitive performance in first-episode psychosis: a cluster analysis in PSYSCAN.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Nucleus Reuniens-Elicited Delta Oscillations Disable the Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia.Cells · 2025Review
- Cognitive trajectories and dementia risk in patients with schizophrenia spectrum versus affective disorders.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Cognitive presentation at psychosis onset through premorbid deterioration and exposure to environmental risk factors.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Deconstructing Cognitive Impairment in Psychosis With a Machine Learning Approach.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Article
- Exploring Cognitive Deficits and Neuromodulation in Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Revisiting Cognitive Deficits in Outpatients with Psychotic Disorders: A Transdiagnostic Comparison of Cognitive Performance While Accounting for Putative Confounding Factors.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Neuroimaging features of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2024Review
- The relationship between genetic liability, childhood maltreatment, and IQ: findings from the EU-GEI multicentric case-control study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Article
- Analysis of Educational Attainment in a Mexican Psychiatric Patient Population with Bipolar or Psychotic Disorders.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Cognitive deficits profiles in the first-episode of schizophrenia, clinical high risk of psychosis, and genetically high-risk of psychosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Cognitive Dysfunction and Prefrontal Cortical Circuit Alterations in Schizophrenia: Developmental Trajectories.Biological psychiatry · 2022Review
- Exploring Links Between Psychosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Using Multimodal Machine Learning: Dementia Praecox Revisited.JAMA psychiatry · 2022Article
- Extrapyramidal symptoms predict cognitive performance after first-episode psychosis.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Age-dependent patterns of schizophrenia genetic risk affect cognition.Schizophrenia research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
90 authors at 20 institutions in 16 countries.
Eva Velthorst *Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. eva.velthorst@mssm.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9240-2909
Josephine Mollon *Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-1838
Robin M MurrayDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-0519
Lieuwe de HaanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Inez Myin GermeysDepartment of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
David C GlahnDepartment of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Celso ArangoDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Els van der VenMailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Marta Di FortiDepartment of Social Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK.
Miguel BernardoBarcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
Sinan GuloksuzDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Philippe DelespaulDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Gisela MezquidaBarcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
Silvia AmorettiBarcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-2734
Julio BobesFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2187-4033
Pilar A SaizFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain.
María Paz García-PortillaFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain.
José Luis SantosFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain.
Estela Jiménez-LópezFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain.
Julio SanjuanDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Eduardo J AguilarDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Manuel ArrojoDepartment of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Angel CarracedoGrupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Gonzalo LópezFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain.
Javier González-PeñasFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain.
Mara ParelladaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Cem AtbaşoğluDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8211-6095
Meram Can SakaDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Alp ÜçokDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Köksal AlptekinDepartment of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
Berna AkdedeDepartment of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
Tolga BinbayDepartment of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
Vesile AltınyazarDepartment of Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey.
Halis UlaşDepartment of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
Berna YalınçetinDepartment of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
Güvem Gümüş-AkayDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Burçin Cihan BeyazDepartment of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
Haldun SoygürTurkish Federation of Schizophrenia Associations, Ankara, Turkey.
Eylem Şahin CankurtaranPrivate Practice, Ankara, Turkey.
Semra Ulusoy KaymakAnkara City Hospital Psychiatry Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
Nadja P MaricFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade & Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia.
Marina M MihaljevicFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade & Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia.
Sanja Andric PetrovicFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade & Clinic for Psychiatry, Belgrade, Serbia.
Tijana MirjanicSpecial Hospital for Psychiatric Disorders Kovin, Kovin, Serbia.
Cristina Marta Del-BenRibeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-9975
Laura FerraroDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK.
Charlotte Gayer-AndersonDepartment of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
Peter B JonesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-880X
Hannah E JongsmaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK.
James B KirkbridePsyLife Group, Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, England, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3401-0824
Caterina La CasciaDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Antonio LasalviaSection of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Sarah TosatoSection of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9665-7538
Pierre-Michel LlorcaCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7438-8990
Paulo Rossi MenezesDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-3314
Craig MorganDepartment of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
Diego QuattroneDepartment of Social Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK.
Marco MenchettiDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Jean-Paul SeltenDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Andrei SzökeINSERM, U955, Créteil, France.
Ilaria TarriconeDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Andrea TortelliEtablissement Public de Santé Maison Blanche, Paris, France.
Philip McGuireDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK.
Lucia ValmaggiaDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Matthew J KemptonDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK.
Mark van der GaagAmsterdam Public Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Anita Riecher-RösslerMedizinische Fakultät, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Rodrigo A BressanLiNC-Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociências Clínicas, Depto Psiquiatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0868-4449
Neus Barrantes-VidalDepartament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Barnaby NelsonOrygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Patrick McGorryOrygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Chris PantelisMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9565-0238
Marie-Odile KrebsUniversity of Paris, GHU-Paris, Sainte-Anne, C'JAAD, Inserm U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS 3557), Paris, France.
Stephan RuhrmannDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Gabriele SachsDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Bart P F RuttenDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-6346
Jim van OsDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK.
Behrooz Z AlizadehDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-8007
Therese van AmelsvoortDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Agna A Bartels-VelthuisUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Richard BruggemanUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Nico J van BeverenAntes Center for Mental Health Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Jurjen J LuykxDepartment of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Wiepke CahnDepartment of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Claudia J P SimonsDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7637-3589
Rene S KahnDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-8004
Frederike SchirmbeckDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ruud van WinkelDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
EU-GEI High Risk Study
Abraham ReichenbergDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
King's College London · GBMaastricht University Medical Centre · NLUniversidad de Oviedo · ESCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRUniversity of Copenhagen · DKDokuz Eylül University · TRUniversidade Federal de São Paulo · BRUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona · ESUniversity of Basel · CHUniversity of Cologne · DEAnkara University · TRCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · ESMedical University of Vienna · ATOrygen · AUThe University of Melbourne · AUUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NLUniversity of Belgrade · RSAmsterdam University Medical Centers · NLArkin · NLBoston Children's Hospital · US
Funding
Department of HealthMedical Research Council MR/J008915/1
Abstract
Important questions remain about the profile of cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders across adulthood and illness stages. The age-associated profile of familial impairments also remains unclear, as well as the effect of factors, such as symptoms, functioning, and medication. Using cross-sectional data from the EU-GEI and GROUP studies, comprising 8455 participants aged 18 to 65, we examined cognitive functioning across adulthood in patients with psychotic disorders (n = 2883), and their unaffected siblings (n = 2271), compared to controls (n = 3301). An abbreviated WAIS-III measured verbal knowledge, working memory, visuospatial processing, processing speed, and IQ. Patients showed medium to large deficits across all functions (ES range = -0.45 to -0.73, p < 0.001), while siblings showed small deficits on IQ, verbal knowledge, and working memory (ES = -0.14 to -0.33, p < 0.001). Magnitude of impairment was not associated with participant age, such that the size of impairment in older and younger patients did not significantly differ. However, first-episode patients performed worse than prodromal patients (ES range = -0.88 to -0.60, p < 0.001). Adjusting for cannabis use, symptom severity, and global functioning attenuated impairments in siblings, while deficits in patients remained statistically significant, albeit reduced by half (ES range = -0.13 to -0.38, p < 0.01). Antipsychotic medication also accounted for around half of the impairment in patients (ES range = -0.21 to -0.43, p < 0.01). Deficits in verbal knowledge, and working memory may specifically index familial, i.e., shared genetic and/or shared environmental, liability for psychotic disorders. Nevertheless, potentially modifiable illness-related factors account for a significant portion of the cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders.
Indexed as
Psychotic DisordersSiblingsAdultAgedCognitionCross-Sectional StudiesHumansNeuropsychological Tests
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