Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33413996›Full record

ReviewTrends in biochemical sciences2021

Revisiting Extracellular RNA Release, Processing, and Function.

Juan Pablo Tosar, Kenneth Witwer, Alfonso Cayota

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in biochemical sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. TiOBioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
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  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Extracellular RNAs as Messengers and Early Biomarkers in Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  11. Pseudouridine selects RNAs for extracellular transport.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Detection of Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer Using Cell-Free oncRNA Biomarkers and Artificial Intelligence.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025
    Article
  15. Exosomes, autophagy, and cancer: A complex triad.International journal of cancer · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Juan Pablo TosarAnalytical Biochemistry Unit, Nuclear Research Center, School of Science, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Functional Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: jptosar@pasteur.edu.uy.
Kenneth WitwerDepartment of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Alfonso CayotaFunctional Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Universidad de la República de Uruguay · UYJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Extracellular Vesicle and Extracellular RNA Biomarkers of HIV-1 Central Nervous System Pathogenesis and Cigarette UseR01DA047807 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WITWER, KENNETH W · 2018 to 2022
$3.7M
Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immunomodulation in HIV Infection and Nicotine AbuseR01DA040385 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WITWER, KENNETH W · 2015 to 2019
$2.3M
Novel Approaches to Capture, Sorting, and Characterization of CNS-Origin Extracellular VesiclesR33MH118164 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI MACHAIRAKI, VASILIKI, WITWER, KENNETH W · 2020 to 2022
$2.2M
Novel Separation Methods for exRNA Carriers: Extracellular Vesicles, Lipoprotein Particles, and Protein AggregatesUH3CA241694 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WITWER, KENNETH W · 2021 to 2022
$1.1M
Novel Separation Methods for exRNA Carriers: Extracellular Vesicles, Lipoprotein Particles, and Protein AggregatesUG3CA241694 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WITWER, KENNETH W · 2019 to 2020
$941k
NCI NIH HHS UG3 CA241694NCI NIH HHS UH3 CA241694NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA040385NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA047807NIMH NIH HHS R33 MH118164
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is assumed that RNAs enriched in extracellular samples were selected for release by their parental cells. However, recent descriptions of extracellular RNA (exRNA) biogenesis and their differential stabilities question this assumption, as they could produce identical outcomes. Here, we share our opinion about the importance of considering both selective and nonselective mechanisms for RNA release into the extracellular environment. In doing so, we provide new perspectives on RNA-mediated intercellular communication, including an analogy to communication through social media. We also argue that technical limitations have restricted the study of some of the most abundant exRNAs, both inside and outside extracellular vesicles (EVs). These RNAs may be better positioned to induce a response in recipient cells compared with low abundance miRNAs.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesMicroRNAsCell CommunicationHumansMicroRNAsexosomesextracellular RNAsliquid biopsymicrovesiclesRNA secretion

Identifiers

PMID33413996
PMCPMC8122015
OpenAlexW3120963541

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.