Observational studyMayo Clinic proceedings2021
Inverse Relationship of Maximal Exercise Capacity to Hospitalization Secondary to Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Observational study in Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Baseline physical activity is associated with reduced mortality and disease outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- Feasibility of an unsupervised aerobic exercise training program for participants with persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effects of aerobic training on cardiopulmonary fitness in patients with long COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2024Trial
- Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Incident Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2026Article
- COACH Study: COVID-19 Influence on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Athletes-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity and risk of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 hospitalization: the HUNT study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness in south American adults: a multi-country cross-sectional online survey.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of aging: from molecules and surrogates to physiology and function.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Cardiopulmonary function alterations in mild and moderate SARS-CoV-2 patients: a longitudinal comparison of pre-infection and early recovery phases.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Effects of an app-based physical training for long- and post-COVID treatment (A PILOT) study: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- The 100-Days: Physical Exercise and Challenges to Assess, Maintain and Improve Physical Fitness During Lockdown.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Physiological Profile Assessment and Self-Measurement of Healthy Students through Remote Protocol during COVID-19 Lockdown.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Relationship between infection, physical and mental health and exercise habits of some Chinese residents after recovery from COVID-19.Sports medicine and health science · 2024Article
- Effects of Exercise Rehabilitation on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Long-COVID-19 Survivors: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Insights from Chilean NCDs Hospitalization Data during COVID-19.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Body mass index and fitness in late adolescence and risk of cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and overall death after COVID-19.Obesity science & practice · 2024Article
- Long-term cardiac follow-up of athletes infected with SARS-CoV-2 after resumption of elite-level sports.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2024Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the relationship between maximal exercise capacity measured before severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hospitalization due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
methodsWe identified patients (≥18 years) who completed a clinically indicated exercise stress test between January 1, 2016, and February 29, 2020, and had a test for SARS-CoV-2 (ie, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test) between February 29, 2020, and May 30, 2020. Maximal exercise capacity was quantified in metabolic equivalents of task (METs). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the likelihood that hospitalization secondary to COVID-19 is related to peak METs, with adjustment for 13 covariates previously identified as associated with higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19.
resultsWe identified 246 patients (age, 59±12 years; 42% male; 75% black race) who had an exercise test and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among these, 89 (36%) were hospitalized. Peak METs were significantly lower (P<.001) among patients who were hospitalized (6.7±2.8) compared with those not hospitalized (8.0±2.4). Peak METs were inversely associated with the likelihood of hospitalization in unadjusted (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.92) and adjusted models (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76-0.99).
conclusionMaximal exercise capacity is independently and inversely associated with the likelihood of hospitalization due to COVID-19. These data further support the important relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and health outcomes. Future studies are needed to determine whether improving maximal exercise capacity is associated with lower risk of complications due to viral infections, such as COVID-19.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.