ArticleStem cell research & therapy2021
Bleomycin induces fibrotic transformation of bone marrow stromal cells to treat height loss of intervertebral disc through the TGFβR1/Smad2/3 pathway.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Versatile Microgel Platform for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Therapy: Targeting Pericyte-Mediated Fibrosis and Protecting Nucleus Pulposus Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- HACE1 alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Controlled releasing melatonin nanoparticles promote restoration of nucleus pulposus cell homeostasis for alleviating intervertebral disc degeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Upregulated CEMIP promotes intervertebral disc degeneration via AP-1-mediated change in chromatin accessibility.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: Clinical progress with exosomes and gene vectors.World journal of stem cells · 2025Review
- CD36/Lyn kinase interactions within macrophages promotes pulmonary fibrosis in response to oxidized phospholipid.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- How to enhance the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration.World journal of stem cells · 2023Review
- Review
- Polydopamine Nanoparticles Targeting Ferroptosis Mitigate Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Via Reactive Oxygen Species Depletion, Iron Ions Chelation, and GPX4 Ubiquitination Suppression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Recent advances in the repair of degenerative intervertebral disc for preclinical applications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Sal003 alleviated intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation through suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Current Perspectives on Nucleus Pulposus Fibrosis in Disc Degeneration and Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Application of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Effectively Eliminates Endotoxemia to Protect Rat from Acute Liver Failure Induced by Thioacetamide.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2022Article
- The P2X7 purinergic receptor in intervertebral disc degeneration.Journal of cellular physiology · 2022Article
- Ferulic Acid Combined With Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells and Alleviates Liver Fibrosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLower back pain is often accredited to loss of intervertebral disc (IVD) height and compromised spine stability as a result of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). We aim to locally use bleomycin to induce the fibrotic transformation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as a means to induce reparative fibrosis to slow down the height loss.
methodsIVDs from patients were gathered for histological examination. The expression of the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β) signaling pathway was determined by qPCR and western blotting. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, annulus fibrosus (AF) cells, and the rats' bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were cultured and their responsiveness to bleomycin was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8, comet assay, transwell migration, and wound healing assays. Rat IVDD models were created by puncture and rescued by bleomycin injection, and the effectiveness was evaluated by images (X-ray and MRI) and atomic force microscope.
resultsHistological examination showed increased levels of pro-fibrotic markers in IVDD tissues from patients. AF cells and BMSC cells were induced to adopt a pro-fibrotic phenotype with increased expression fibrotic markers Col1a1, Col3a1, and FSP1. The pro-fibrotic effect of bleomycin on AF cells and BMSCs was in part due to the activation of the TGFβ-TGFβR1-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Pharmacological inhibition or gene knock-down of TGFβR1 could mitigate the pro-fibrotic effects.
conclusionLocally, injection of bleomycin in rats' IVD induced rapid fibrosis and maintained its height through the TGFβ-TGFβR1-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.
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