ArticleParasites & vectors2021
A novel assay to isolate and quantify third-stage Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia malayi larvae emerging from individual Aedes aegypti.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial Clustering of Lymphatic Filariasis in Relation to Potential Mansonia Mosquito Habitats in Endemic Communities of Belitung Regency, Indonesia.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Molecular Surveillance ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Model development to assess the impact of a preventive treatment with sarolaner and moxidectin on Dirofilaria immitis infection dynamics in dogs.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Travelling safe? Risks associated toCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Large-scale production ofFrontiers in tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Wolbachia infection in Aedes aegypti does not affect its vectorial capacity for Dirofilaria immitis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Development of a novel rodent model for dog heartworm microfilaremia using the severe-combined immunodeficiency mouse.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- An automated, high-resolution phenotypic assay for adult Brugia malayi and microfilaria.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A high-throughput sensory assay for parasitic and free-living nematodes.Integrative biology : quantitative biosciences from nano to macro · 2023Article
- Making sense of sensory behaviors in vector-borne helminths.Trends in parasitology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMosquitoes transmit filarial nematodes to both human and animal hosts, with worldwide health and economic consequences. Transmission to a vertebrate host requires that ingested microfilariae develop into infective third-stage larvae capable of emerging from the mosquito proboscis onto the skin of the host during blood-feeding. Determining the number of microfilariae that successfully develop to infective third-stage larvae in the mosquito host is key to understanding parasite transmission potential and to developing new strategies to block these worms in their vector.
methodsWe developed a novel method to efficiently assess the number of infective third-stage filarial larvae that emerge from experimentally infected mosquitoes. Following infection, individual mosquitoes were placed in wells of a multi-well culture plate and warmed to 37 °C to stimulate parasite emergence. Aedes aegypti infected with Dirofilaria immitis were used to determine infection conditions and assay timing. The assay was also tested with Brugia malayi-infected Ae. aegypti.
resultsApproximately 30% of Ae. aegypti infected with D. immitis and 50% of those infected with B. malayi produced emerging third-stage larvae. Once D. immitis third-stage larvae emerged at 13 days post infection, the proportion of mosquitoes producing them and the number produced per mosquito remained stable until at least day 21. The prevalence and intensity of emerging third-stage B. malayi were similar on days 12-14 post infection. Increased uptake of D. immitis microfilariae increased the fitness cost to the mosquito but did not increase the number of emerging third-stage larvae.
conclusionsWe provide a new assay with an associated set of infection conditions that will facilitate assessment of the filarial transmission potential of mosquito vectors and promote preparation of uniformly infectious third-stage larvae for functional assays. The ability to quantify infection outcome will facilitate analyses of molecular interactions between vectors and filariae, ultimately allowing for the establishment of novel methods to block disease transmission.
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