ArticleJournal of translational medicine2021
Immune landscape and prognostic immune-related genes in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer patients.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer: therapeutic strategies and biomarker-guided approaches.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Continuous multi-omics pathway enrichment analysis resolves hidden functional heterogeneity.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Analysing cell death patterns to predict outcomes and treatment options in patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A subset of MMR-proficient colon cancers responds to neoadjuvant immunotherapy.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- Genetic Alterations Involved in Immune Escape Mechanisms of Circulating Tumour Cells in Colorectal Carcinogenesis.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Unravelling Resistance: Integrating Metabolism, Epigenetics, Immunology, and Proteostasis in Strategies against Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog-mutant Colorectal Cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Differential distribution of immune checkpoints across molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Single-dose DSS-induced inflammation enhances colorectal tumorigenesis in APC and KRAS mutant mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cancer subclone detection based on DNA copy number in single-cell and spatial omic sequencing data.Nature methods · 2025Article
- Review
- Mechanistic Foundations of KRAS-Driven Tumor Ecosystems: Integrating Crosstalk among Immune, Metabolic, Microbial, and Stromal Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- KRAS amplification in colorectal cancer: correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients and prediction of response to targeted therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Precision immune regulation in KRAS-mutated cancers: the final piece of the puzzle?Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Signature Gene Mutations in Colorectal Cancer: Potential Neoantigens for Cancer Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Effect of RAS mutations and related immune characteristics on the prognosis of patients with MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Article
- CD79B in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia: an integrative computational andFrontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Colorectal Cancer.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- Identification of immune-related prognostic biomarkers in lung squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundKRAS gene is the most common type of mutation reported in colorectal cancer (CRC). KRAS mutation-mediated regulation of immunophenotype and immune pathways in CRC remains to be elucidated.
methods535 CRC patients were used to compare the expression of immune-related genes (IRGs) and the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in the tumor microenvironment between KRAS-mutant and KRAS wild-type CRC patients. An independent dataset included 566 cases of CRC and an in-house RNA sequencing dataset were served as validation sets. An in-house dataset consisting of 335 CRC patients were used to analyze systemic immune and inflammatory state in the presence of KRAS mutation. An immue risk (Imm-R) model consist of IRG and TIICs for prognostic prediction in KRAS-mutant CRC patients was established and validated.
resultsNF-κB and T-cell receptor signaling pathways were significantly inhibited in KRAS-mutant CRC patients. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) was increased while macrophage M1 and activated CD4 memory T cell was decreased in KRAS-mutant CRC. Prognosis correlated with enhanced Tregs, macrophage M1 and activated CD4 memory T cell and was validated. Serum levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), CRP, and IgM were significantly decreased in KRAS-mutant compared to KRAS wild-type CRC patients. An immune risk model composed of VGF, RLN3, CT45A1 and TIICs signature classified CRC patients with distinct clinical outcomes.
conclusionsKRAS mutation in CRC was associated with suppressed immune pathways and immune infiltration. The aberrant immune pathways and immune cells help to understand the tumor immune microenvironments in KRAS-mutant CRC patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.