Trial reportJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2021
Reliability and diagnostic performance of a new blood ketone and glucose meter in humans.
Trial report in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of Exogenous Ketone Supplementation on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Acute 1,3-Butanediol Co-Ingestion with Carbohydrate Does Not Improve Endurance Performance in Chronically Ketogenic Male Athletes.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Symptom impact and safety of ketogenic therapy in adults with anorexia nervosa: a feasibility trial.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Towards Precision Nutrition: A Novel Smartphone-Connected Biosensor for Point-of-Care Detection of β-Hydroxybutyrate in Human Blood and Saliva.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The role of β-hydroxybutyrate testing in ketogenic metabolic therapies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Ketosis suppression and ageing (KetoSAge): the effect of suppressing ketosis on SHBG and sex hormone profiles in healthy premenopausal women, and its implications for cancer risk and therapy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Advanced cardiovascular physiology in an individual with type 1 diabetes after 10-year ketogenic diet.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Update on Measuring Ketones.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Review
- Article
- Ketosis Suppression and Ageing (KetoSAge): The Effects of Suppressing Ketosis in Long Term Keto-Adapted Non-Athletic Females.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Relationship between underreporting of energy intake and blood ketone levels in Japanese women with obesity: A retrospective study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- An open-label, acute clinical trial in adults to assess ketone levels, gastrointestinal tolerability, and sleepiness following consumption of (Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Adherence to Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Patients with Diabetes: A Narrative Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccurate and reliable monitoring of blood ketone and glucose levels is useful for athletes adhering to a ketogenic diet who want to verify that they are in a state of ketosis and, therefore, accruing performance adaptations. However, the cost of devices and testing materials may prohibit their use. More affordable field testing systems are available, but their accuracy and reliability remain in question. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agreement between a previously validated ketone and glucose meter (Meter 1 - Precision Xtra) and a more affordable meter that has not been validated (Meter 2 - Keto-Mojo), and also to assess the diagnostic performance of Meter 2 for identifying nutritional ketosis.
methodsThirteen participants (7 females and 6 males; 21.6 ± 3.0 years old) visited the laboratory three times in this randomized, double-blind cross-over design study. Ketone and glucose levels were measured with Meter 1 and Meter 2 twice before and twice after ingestion of a racemic ketone, natural ketone, or maltodextrin supplement. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) estimates and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate interrater reliability for Meter 1 and Meter 2. Bland-Altman plots were constructed to visually assess the agreement between devices. Area under the ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of Meter 2 to detect nutritional ketosis at a threshold ketone level of 0.5 mM as identified by Meter 1.
resultsReliability between the meters was excellent for measuring ketones (ICC = .968; .942-.981) and good for measuring glucose (ICC = .809; .642-.893), though the Bland-Altman plot revealed substantial differences in agreement for measuring glucose. Area under the ROC curve (Area = 0.913; 0.828-0.998) was excellent for diagnosing nutritional ketosis.
conclusionsBoth Meter 1 and Meter 2 displayed excellent agreement between each other for ketone measurement. Meter 2 also displayed an excellent level of accuracy for diagnosing nutritional ketosis at a threshold value of 0.5 mM, making it an effective and affordable alternative to more expensive testing devices.
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