Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33413432›Full record

ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2021

Quality of life, social support and self-efficacy in women after a miscarriage.

Grażyna Iwanowicz-Palus, Mariola Mróz, Agnieszka Bień

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Perceived Social Support, Shame, and Psychopathological Symptoms After Perinatal Loss in Portuguese Women.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Grażyna Iwanowicz-PalusChair and Department of Development in Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Mariola MrózObstetrics and Gynecology Department and Clinic, Cardinal S. Wyszyński Regional Specialist Hospital, Lublin, Poland. mariolamroz2015@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-5125
Agnieszka BieńChair and Department of Development in Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Medical University of Lublin · PLCardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw · PL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPregnancy loss is typically experienced as a traumatic, critical event, which may lead to secondary psychological health disorders. Its burden involves both the experience of loss and related medical issues, which are associated with pain, hospitalization, limitation in one's social roles, decreased sense of security, and changes in one's perceived quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate levels of quality of life (QoL), social support and self-efficacy among women who had suffered a miscarriage.

methodsThe study was performed using a diagnostic survey method with questionnaires administered to 610 patients hospitalized due to spontaneous pregnancy loss in hospitals in Lublin (Poland). The instruments used were: the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire, and a standardized interview questionnaire.

resultsRespondents rated their overall quality of life (3.90 points) higher than their overall perceived health (3.66). In terms of social support, the highest scores were noted for perceived available instrumental support (M = 3.78), perceived available emotional support (M = 3.68) and actually received support (M = 3.60). The mean generalized self-efficacy score among the women after pregnancy loss was 30.29. Respondents' QoL was significantly correlated with multiple social support subscales and self-efficacy (p < 0.05).

conclusionsWomen after a miscarriage perceive their overall quality of life as better than their overall health, while reporting the poorest QoL in the psychological domain. They also have a high level of self-efficacy. Regarding the types of social support, perceived available support, both instrumental and emotional, and actually received support was rated highly. Social support and self-efficacy contributed to better perceived QoL among the respondents.

Indexed as

Self EfficacySocial SupportAbortion, SpontaneousAdultFemaleHumansPolandPregnancyQuality of LifeStress, PsychologicalSurveys and QuestionnairesGeneral self-efficacyMiscarriagePregnancy lossQuality of lifeSocial support

Identifiers

PMID33413432
PMCPMC7791812
OpenAlexW3111607796

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.