ArticleBMC veterinary research2021
Isolation of Mycobacterium avium and other nontuberculous mycobacteria in chickens and captive birds in peninsular Malaysia.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in cattle: Distribution, antimicrobial resistance and zoonotic implications in Tamil Nadu, India.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Current perspectives on avian tuberculosis in domestic and wild birds: Molecular diagnostics, genomic surveillance, and vaccination challenges.Open veterinary journal · 2026Review
- Genomic Characterisation of Antibiotic-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The effects of cyclic peptide [R4W4] in combination with first-line therapy on the survival ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Isolation of Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Additive Effects of Cyclic Peptide [R4W4] When Added Alongside Azithromycin and Rifampicin againstPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMycobacterium avium complex (MAC) causes a chronic infectious in the birds known as avian mycobacteriosis. Almost all species of the birds are susceptible to MAC which consists of two closely related species of mycobacteria, that is, M. avium and M. intracellulare. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA) in chickens and captive birds in selected states of Peninsular Malaysia.
resultsA 300 fecal samples were collected from village chickens (n = 100), layer chickens (n = 100) and captive birds (n = 100). Fecal samples were split into two aliquots for microbiological and molecular detection of MAA. Microbiology detection consisted of microscopy (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) and culture of samples decontaminated with 1% Cetylperidinium chloride and vancomycin, nalidixic acid and amphotericin B (VNA) antibiotic cocktail [vancomycin (VAN) 100 μg/ml, nalidixic acid (NAL) 100 μg/ml and amphotericin B (AMB) 50 μg/ml] onto Löwenstein-Jensen (L-J). Molecular detection (PCR-IS901) was performed to detect MAA DNA from the feces and PCR-16S rRNA and IS901 for identification of genus Mycobacterium and Mycobacterium avium sub species avium isolated onto L-J. All samples (296) were AFB negative smear. M. avium was isolated in 0.3% (1/296) samples by culture and detected in 2.5% (6/242) samples by PCR (IS901). Other mycobacteria were found in 1.7% (5/296) chickens. Of five isolates, two were identified as Mycobacterium terrae and M. engbaekii and remaining isolates were not sequenced. Birds positive for M. avium included White Pelican (n = 1) Black Hornbill (n = 1), Macaw (n = 2), Cockatoo (n = 2) and village chicken (n = 1).
conclusionIt is concluded that chickens and birds were infected with M. avium in selected areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Although, PCR is rapid, reliable and cost effective method for detection of M. avium in a subclinical stage, the culture of the avian feces should still be used as a reference test for the diagnosis of avian tuberculosis.
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