Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33412903›Full record

ArticleStroke2021

Unique Subtype of Microglia in Degenerative Thalamus After Cortical Stroke.

Zhijuan Cao, Sean S Harvey, Terrance Chiang, Aulden G Foltz, Alex G Lee, Michelle Y Cheng, Gary K Steinberg

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Stroke, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Increased circulating TREM2Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026
    Article
  5. Lipid metabolism, microglia, and stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Microglia in Brain Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Friends or Foes?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Zhijuan CaoDepartment of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Sean S HarveyDepartment of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Terrance ChiangDepartment of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Aulden G FoltzDepartment of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Alex G LeeDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco (A.G.L.).
Michelle Y Cheng *Department of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Gary K Steinberg *Department of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
Stanford University · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

Paracrine and synaptic mechanisms underlying recovery using human stem cell theraR01NS058784 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI STEINBERG, GARY K · 2008 to 2023
$6.6M
Optogenetic Approaches to Study Post-Stroke Recovery MechanismsR01NS093057 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI STEINBERG, GARY K · 2015 to 2025
$5.8M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS058784NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS093057
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and purposeStroke disrupts neuronal functions in both local and remotely connected regions, leading to network-wide deficits that can hinder recovery. The thalamus is particularly affected, with progressive development of neurodegeneration accompanied by inflammatory responses. However, the complexity of the involved inflammatory responses is poorly understood. Herein we investigated the spatiotemporal changes in the secondary degenerative thalamus after cortical stroke, using targeted transcriptome approach in conjunction with histology and flow cytometry.

methodsCortical ischemic stroke was generated by permanent occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery in male C57BL6J mice. Neurodegeneration, neuroinflammatory responses, and microglial activation were examined in naive and stroke mice at from poststroke days (PD) 1 to 84, in both ipsilesional somatosensory cortex and ipsilesional thalamus. NanoString neuropathology panel (780 genes) was used to examine transcriptome changes at PD7 and PD28. Fluorescence activated cell sorting was used to collect CD11c

resultsNeurodegeneration in the thalamus was detected at PD7 and progressively worsened by PD28. This was accompanied by rapid microglial activation detected as early as PD1, which preceded the neurodegenerative changes. Transcriptome analysis showed higher number of differentially expressed genes in ipsilesional thalamus at PD28. Notably, neuroinflammation was the top activated pathway, and microglia was the most enriched cell type.

conclusionsOur findings demonstrate the dynamic changes of microglia after stroke and highlight the importance of investigating stroke network-wide deficits. Importantly, we report the existence of a unique subtype of microglia (CD11c

Indexed as

AnimalsCD11 AntigensCerebral CortexCerebrovascular CirculationEncephalitisGene Expression RegulationMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicrogliaNeurodegenerative DiseasesSomatosensory CortexStrokeThalamic DiseasesThalamusTranscriptomeCD11 Antigenscerebral ischemiamicroglianeuroinflammationtranscriptome

Identifiers

PMID33412903
PMCPMC7855924
OpenAlexW3119627239

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.