ArticlePloS one2021
The use of health geography modeling to understand early dispersion of COVID-19 in São Paulo, Brazil.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Telemedicine for COVID-19 management in Brazil: outcomes and health system implications from a prospective cohort study.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Pathogenic built environment? Reflections on modeling spatial determinants of health in urban settings considering the example of COVID-19 studies.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Key epidemiological indicators and spatial autocorrelation patterns across five waves of COVID-19 in Catalonia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Spatial, spatio-temporal, and origin-destination flow analyses of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome hospitalized for COVID-19 in Southeastern Brazil, 2020-2021.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2023Article
- Phylodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spread in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlights how metropolitan areas act as dispersal hubs for new variants.Microbial genomics · 2022Article
- Population-based virucidal phthalocyanine gargling/rinsing protocol to reduce the risk of coronavirus disease-2019: a community trial.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2022Article
- Seroprevalence, Prevalence, and Genomic Surveillance: Monitoring the Initial Phases of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Betim, Brazil.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in municipalities in the state of São Paulo (Brazil): an ecological study.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Article
- Measles resurgence in Brazil: analysis of the 2019 epidemic in the state of São Paulo.Revista de saude publica · 2022Article
- Early Spatiotemporal Patterns and Population Characteristics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southeast Asia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A simple mathematical model for the evaluation of the long first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The impact of super-spreader cities, highways, and intensive care availability in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The socio-spatial determinants of COVID-19 diffusion: the impact of globalisation, settlement characteristics and population.Globalization and health · 2021Article
- Diffusion modeling of COVID-19 under lockdown.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Article
- Impact of nonpharmaceutical strategies on trends of COVID-19 in São Paulo State.Revista de saude publica · 2021Article
- COVID-19 in medium-sized municipalities in the 14 health macro-regions of Minas Gerais, Brazil.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Public health policies to contain the spread of COVID-19 rely mainly on non-pharmacological measures. Those measures, especially social distancing, are a challenge for developing countries, such as Brazil. In São Paulo, the most populous state in Brazil (45 million inhabitants), most COVID-19 cases up to April 18th were reported in the Capital and metropolitan area. However, the inner municipalities, where 20 million people live, are also at risk. As governmental authorities discuss the loosening of measures for restricting population mobility, it is urgent to analyze the routes of dispersion of COVID-19 in São Paulo territory. We hypothesize that urban hierarchy is the main responsible for the disease spreading, and we identify the hotspots and the main routes of virus movement from the metropolis to the inner state. In this ecological study, we use geographic models of population mobility to check for patterns for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identify two patterns based on surveillance data: one by contiguous diffusion from the capital metropolitan area, and the other hierarchical with long-distance spread through major highways that connects São Paulo city with cities of regional relevance. This knowledge can provide real-time responses to support public health strategies, optimizing the use of resources in order to minimize disease impact on population and economy.
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