Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33411674›Full record

ReviewNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2021

Targeting B cells to modify MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD: Part 2.

Jonas Graf, Jan Mares, Michael Barnett, Orhan Aktas, Philipp Albrecht, Scott S Zamvil, Hans-Peter Hartung

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Two cases with overlapping features of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Profiling the Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Treatment Effects and Associations with IgM Oligoclonal Bands.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Ofatumumab in pediatric multiple sclerosis: a case series.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. CD11cAnnals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Ocrelizumab Treatment Modulates B-Cell Regulating Factors in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Clinical and neuroimaging findings in MOGAD-MRI and OCT.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jonas GrafFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., O.A., P.A., H.-P.H.), University Hospital, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Centre (M.B., H.-P.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), UCSF Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco.ORCID 0000-0002-4249-4665
Jan MaresFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., O.A., P.A., H.-P.H.), University Hospital, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Centre (M.B., H.-P.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), UCSF Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco.
Michael BarnettFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., O.A., P.A., H.-P.H.), University Hospital, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Centre (M.B., H.-P.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), UCSF Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco.
Orhan AktasFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., O.A., P.A., H.-P.H.), University Hospital, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Centre (M.B., H.-P.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), UCSF Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco.ORCID 0000-0002-2020-9210
Philipp AlbrechtFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., O.A., P.A., H.-P.H.), University Hospital, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Centre (M.B., H.-P.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), UCSF Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco.ORCID 0000-0001-7987-658X
Scott S ZamvilFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., O.A., P.A., H.-P.H.), University Hospital, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Centre (M.B., H.-P.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), UCSF Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco.
Hans-Peter HartungFrom the Department of Neurology (J.G., O.A., P.A., H.-P.H.), University Hospital, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Brain and Mind Centre (M.B., H.-P.H.), Department of Neurology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), UCSF Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco. hans-peter.hartung@uni-duesseldorf.de.

Funding

Repertoire selection of AQP4-specific T cells that cause CNS autoimmunediseaseR01AI131624 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ZAMVIL, SCOTT S · 2019 to 2023
$2.2M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI131624
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ocrelizumab, rituximab, ofatumumab, ublituximab, inebilizumab, and evobrutinib are immunotherapies that target various B cell-related proteins. Most of these treatments have proven efficacy in relapsing and progressive forms of MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) or are in advanced stages of clinical development. Currently, ocrelizumab and inebilizumab are licensed for treatment of MS and NMOSD, respectively. This part of the review focuses on monoclonal antibody B cell-depleting strategies in NMOSD and the emerging related myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunoglobulin G-associated disease (MOGAD). Case series and phase 2/3 studies in these inflammatory disorders are assessed. The safety profile of long-term B-cell depletion in MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD will be highlighted. Finally implications of the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the management of patients with these disorders and the use of B cell-depleting agents will be discussed.

Indexed as

COVID-19Neuromyelitis OpticaAquaporin 4B-LymphocytesHumansSARS-CoV-2Aquaporin 4

Identifiers

PMID33411674
PMCPMC8063618

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.