Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33411113›Full record

ArticleClinical and experimental nephrology2021

Association between serum potassium levels and adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease: the Fukushima CKD cohort study.

Kenichi Tanaka, Hirotaka Saito, Tsuyoshi Iwasaki, Akira Oda, Shuhei Watanabe, Makoto Kanno, Hiroshi Kimura, Michio Shimabukuro, Koichi Asahi, Tsuyoshi Watanabe and 1 more

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Article in Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Platelet indices and incident CKD in high-risk individuals.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026
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  9. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with hypertension: the Fukushima Cohort study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kenichi TanakaDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. kennichi@fmu.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4655-9355
Hirotaka SaitoDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
Tsuyoshi IwasakiDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
Akira OdaDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
Shuhei WatanabeDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
Makoto KannoDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
Hiroshi KimuraDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
Michio ShimabukuroDepartment of Chronic Kidney Disease Initiatives, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
Koichi AsahiDepartment of Chronic Kidney Disease Initiatives, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
Tsuyoshi WatanabeDepartment of Chronic Kidney Disease Initiatives, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
Junichiro J KazamaDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
Fukushima Medical University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSerum potassium disorders, commonly observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD), are reportedly associated with higher mortality, but their impact on renal outcomes is still controversial.

methodsThe present study used the longitudinal data of the Fukushima CKD cohort study to investigate the relationships between hypokalemia and hyperkalemia and adverse outcomes such as renal outcomes and all-cause mortality in Japanese patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD. The study involved 1330 CKD patients followed-up for 2.8 years. The primary endpoint of the present study was a kidney event, defined as a combination of doubling of baseline serum creatinine and end-stage kidney disease.

resultsHyperkalemia (≥ 5.0 mmol/L) was noted in 10.6% and hypokalemia (< 4.0 mmol/L) in 16.4% of the study population. Significant U-shaped associations were observed between potassium levels and both kidney events and all-cause mortality on univariate Cox regression analyses. After adjustment for covariates, both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia were significantly associated with an increased risk of kidney events, with the lowest risk at a serum potassium of 4.0-4.4 mmol/L. Compared with a reference level of 4.0-4.4 mmol/L, the adjusted hazard ratio for kidney events was 2.49 (1.33-4.66) for serum potassium < 4.0 mmol/L, 1.72 (1.00-2.96) for 4.5-4.9 mmol/L, and 2.16 (1.15-4.06) for ≥ 5.0 mmol/L. There was no significant association between serum potassium levels and mortality after multivariate adjustment.

conclusionHypokalemia and hyperkalemia were associated with an increased risk of CKD progression, but not with mortality in Japanese patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD.

Indexed as

AgedBiomarkersCause of DeathDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansHyperkalemiaHypokalemiaIncidenceJapanLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPotassiumPrognosisProspective StudiesBiomarkersPotassiumChronic kidney diseaseEnd-stage renal diseaseHyperkalemiaHypokalemiaMortalityPotassium

Identifiers

PMID33411113
OpenAlexW3119674365

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.