Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33410746›Full record

ArticleCanadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada2021

Innate immune memory is associated with increased disease-free survival in bladder cancer patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Charles H Graham, Jean-François Paré, Tiziana Cotechini, Wilma Hopman, Charles C T Hindmarch, Abdi Ghaffari, Diana Marginean, Stephen Chenard, Madhuri Koti, D Robert Siemens

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Article in Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Charles H GrahamDepartment of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Jean-François ParéDepartment of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Tiziana CotechiniDepartment of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Wilma HopmanDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Charles C T HindmarchDepartment of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Abdi GhaffariDepartment of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Diana MargineanDepartment of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Stephen ChenardDepartment of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Madhuri KotiDepartment of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
D Robert SiemensDepartment of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWhile studies suggest that innate immune memory acquired by circulating monocytes may mediate the benefit of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the treatment of patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), prospective studies are lacking. Innate immune memory is defined by enhanced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells following a secondary challenge with pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands.

methodsPeripheral blood monocytes isolated from 33 patients with intermediate- or high-risk NMIBC before and after two or five induction BCG instillations were stimulated with the PRR ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inflammatory cytokine levels in the culture medium were measured. Extent of innate immune memory acquisition was determined by dividing the levels of cytokines released after BCG instillation by the levels released prior to BCG therapy.

resultsMonocytes secreted variable levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, IL-12, and IL-10. Compared with patients with recurrences, the post-BCG:pre-BCG ratio of IL-12 in monocyte cultures from patients without recurrences after five BCG instillations was significantly increased. Patients with no innate immune memory (based on IL-12 ratios) had significantly shorter time to recurrence than patients with innate immune memory (p<0.001). Eighty-four percent (16/19) of patients with innate immune memory vs. only 22% (2/9) of patients without memory had disease-free survival of over 500 days.

conclusionsResults demonstrate a potential link between BCG-induced innate immune memory peripherally and local anti-tumor responses. Further validation will increase our understanding of the mode of action of BCG and, therefore, will be used to enhance its effectiveness.

Identifiers

PMID33410746
PMCPMC8418256

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.