Observational studyAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine2021
Longitudinal Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Multidimensional Sleep Health: The SWAN Sleep Study.
Observational study in Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Digital Biomarkers in Physiological Signal-Based Depression Assessment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of insomnia-focused psychological and behavioral interventions on depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- Sleep Quality and Falls Risk in the ELSA Study: A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Cohort Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Depression and mental health in late adolescents: the sequential mediating roles of quality of life and sleep regularity.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Multidimensional sleep health and resting blood pressure in young adults: the role of negative affect.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- To advance sleep science, let's study change.Sleep · 2026Article
- Cognitive Reappraisal and Sleep Quality: A Serial Mediation Analysis of Associations Through Meaningful Work and Perceived Stress.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Article
- Menopause-Related Changes in Sleep and the Associations with Cardiometabolic Health: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Relationship between multidimensional sleep health and depression during late pregnancy: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Observational
- Multidimensional sleep health and cognitive function across adulthood.Sleep health · 2025Article
- Global Perspectives on Sleep Health: Definitions, Disparities, and Implications for Public Health.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- The multidimensional sleep health of individuals with multiple sclerosis and Huntington's disease and healthy controls.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Psychosocial Factors, Stress and Sleep Among Rural Appalachian Kentucky Residents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of Appalachian health · 2024Article
- Sleep Health and Anxiety Symptoms in Midlife Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).International journal of women's health · 2024Article
- Race and sex differences in the longitudinal changes in multidimensional self-reported sleep health characteristics in aging older adults.Sleep health · 2023Article
- Sleep disturbances and depression are bidirectionally associated among college student athletes across COVID-19 pandemic exposure classes.Psychology of sport and exercise · 2023Article
- Sleep timing, sleep regularity, and psychological health in early late life women: Findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).Sleep health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDepressive symptoms and sleep disturbances disproportionately affect midlife women. While there may be a bidirectional association, few studies have examined whether depressive symptoms are longitudinally associated with subsequent sleep. Sleep is typically considered unidimensional, despite emerging evidence that multidimensional sleep health provides novel information on the sleep-health link. PURPOSE: The current study examined whether higher depressive symptoms were longitudinally associated with poorer multidimensional sleep health.
methodDepressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale across six to nine annual assessments in 302 midlife women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Six months after their last assessment, actigraphy (mean ± standard deviation = 29.3 ± 6.9 days) and self-report were used to assess sleep health components: efficiency, duration, mid-sleep timing, regularity, alertness, and satisfaction, which were dichotomized and summed to create a composite multidimensional sleep health score. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and multidimensional sleep health, as well as individual sleep health components, adjusting for covariates. Exploratory analyses stratified models by race/ethnicity.
resultsHigher depressive symptoms were associated with subsequent poorer multidimensional sleep health (p < .0.001) and lower alertness (p < .0001) and satisfaction with sleep (p < .0001).
conclusionsOur finding that higher average depressive symptoms were associated longitudinally with actigraphy-measured poorer sleep health in midlife women is novel and converges with the larger body of evidence that these two common symptoms are strongly associated. The bidirectional relationship between these two prevalent symptoms needs to be studied in prospective longitudinal studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.