ArticleAnnals of neurology2021
Axon-Myelin Unit Blistering as Early Event in MS Normal Appearing White Matter.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond the Wiring: White Matter as a Dynamic Regulator of Brain Function and Disease.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Experimental induction of myelin damage in post-mortem human brain slice cultures.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Tract-based χ-separation imaging differentiates multiple sclerosis from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder by mapping iron and myelin signatures.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Axon Diameter Mapping From Myelin Water Diffusion MRI.IEEE transactions on medical imaging · 2026Article
- Proteomic Age Acceleration in Multiple Sclerosis Precedes Symptom Onset and Associates with Severity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system can withstand damage and dynamically remodel.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Label-free tracking of subcortical white matter degradationBiomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Multiple sclerosis and autoimmunity: a reappraisal of the evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in multiscale myelin imaging: from classical histology to functional insights.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- A focus on the normal-appearing white and gray matter within the multiple sclerosis brain: a link to smoldering progression.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Review
- Article
- Recent developments in multiple sclerosis neuropathology.Current opinion in neurology · 2025Review
- Multiple sclerosis: an immune attack on astrocyte-mediated ion and water homeostasis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Multiple sclerosis: what have we learned and can we still learn from electron microscopy.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- Dynamic imaging of myelin pathology in physiologically preserved human brain tissue using third harmonic generation microscopy.PloS one · 2025Article
- Role ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- A Statistically-Robust Model of the Axomyelin Unit under Normal Physiologic Conditions with Application to Disease States.ASN neuro · 2025Article
- Using the Progression Independent of Relapse Activity Framework to Unveil the Pathobiological Foundations of Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2024Review
- The effects of axonal beading and undulation on axonal diameter estimation from diffusion MRI: Insights from simulations in human axons segmented from three-dimensional electron microscopy.NMR in biomedicine · 2024Article
- Micro-diffusely abnormal white matter: An early multiple sclerosis lesion phase with intensified myelin blistering.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. Although the prevalent view regards a CD4
methodsUsing high resolution imaging histological brain specimens from patients with MS and non-neurological/non-MS controls, we explored molecular changes underpinning imbalanced interaction between axon and myelin in normal appearing white matter (NAWM), a region characterized by normal myelination and absent inflammatory activity.
resultsIn MS brains, we detected blister-like swellings formed by myelin detachment from axons, which were substantially less frequently retrieved in non-neurological/non-MS controls. Swellings in MS NAWM presented altered glutamate receptor expression, myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) distribution, and lipid biochemical composition of myelin sheaths. Changes in tethering protein expression, widening of nodes of Ranvier and altered distribution of sodium channels in nodal regions of otherwise normally myelinated axons were also present in MS NAWM. Finally, we demonstrate a significant increase, compared with controls, in citrullinated proteins in myelin of MS cases, pointing toward biochemical modifications that may amplify the immunogenicity of MS myelin.
interpretationCollectively, the impaired interaction of myelin and axons potentially leads to myelin disintegration. Conceptually, the ensuing release of (post-translationally modified) myelin antigens may elicit a subsequent immune attack in MS. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:711-725.
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