ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2021
Testing the effect of sustainable energy and military expenses on environmental degradation: evidence from the states with the highest military expenses.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Article
- Impact of innovation in renewable energy generation, transmission, or distribution-related technologies on carbon dioxide emission in the USA.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- The trade-off between energy consumption, economic growth, militarization, and COEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Do international collaborations in environmental-related technology development in the U.S. pay off in combating carbon dioxide emissions? Role of domestic environmental innovation, renewable energy consumption, and trade openness.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Innovation, militarization, and renewable energy and green growth in OECD countries.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
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Abstract
This paper aims to define the effects of military expenses and renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions for the ten countries with the highest military expenses, namely, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Russia, the USA, South Korea, India, France, Australia, China, and the UK from 1993 to 2017. The research applied the common correlated effects mean group estimator (CCEMG), dynamic CCEMG, and cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approaches. These dynamic techniques elucidate slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependency and solve the problem of unit root bias. It is found that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis does not apply for this region. The findings demonstrate that military expenses increase carbon dioxide emissions; thus, the treadmill theory of destruction is valid for the panel of these countries, and it is also found that the consumption of sustainable energy decreases CO2 emissions. This suggests that a reduction in pollution can be achieved by increasing sustainable energies in the use of military vehicles to decrease emissions. Further important policy implications for the 10 countries with the highest military expenses are provided at the end of the paper.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
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