Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33409866›Full record

ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2021

Diabetes mellitus induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: type 1 diabetes variant or new clinical entity? Review of the literature.

V Lo Preiato, S Salvagni, C Ricci, A Ardizzoni, U Pagotto, C Pelusi

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

V Lo PreiatoEndocrinology Unit and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Department of Medical and Surgical Science (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
S SalvagniDivision of Medical Oncology, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
C RicciSurgical Department, Department of Medical and Surgical Science (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
A ArdizzoniDivision of Medical Oncology, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
U PagottoEndocrinology Unit and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Department of Medical and Surgical Science (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy. uberto.pagotto@unibo.it.
C PelusiEndocrinology Unit and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Department of Medical and Surgical Science (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
University of Bologna · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune Check-Point Inhibitors (CPIs) have improved long-term patients' outcomes in several advanced cancers. Diabetes mellitus induced by CPIs (CPI-DM) is considered the second most frequent endocrine CPIs' side effects with a variable prevalence up to 2%. The aim of our study was to identify CPI-DM characteristics and differences from the classical form of diabetes. Therefore, we conducted a structured Pubmed® search collecting publications dated from January 2015 to December 2019. A total of 642 citations were identified and 121 publications met our study criteria. We analyzed 200 case reports, including our 3 cases under publication. The majority of CPI-DM occurred with anti-Programmed cell Death-1 in monotherapy or in combination, although few cases with Programmed cell Death Ligand-1 and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 were reported. Generally, CPI-DM arose early (an average of 9 weeks after CPIs starting), but also after the end of CPIs treatment. In all patients, CPI-DM has an acute onset and in 67.5% of cases diabetic ketoacidosis occurs. C-peptide levels were usually and permanently compromised, requiring lifelong insulin therapy. Moreover, autoimmunity and genetic profile was not always helpful. In particular, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies and Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) DR4 were present in only 43.0% and 51.3% of cases respectively. In 51.0% of subjects a mild exocrine impairment coexisted. In short, though CPI-DM has similarities to type 1 diabetes mellitus, it represents a new, largely unknown, clinical entity. In addition, as CPI-DM is a relative frequent side-effect under CPI, a close monitoring of the glucose levels and early signs and symptoms of diabetes in patients affected by neoplasm is recommended.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1NeoplasmsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsDiabetes mellitusDiabetic ketoacidosisImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImmune-related adverse events

Identifiers

PMID33409866
OpenAlexW3119919857

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.