ArticleTranslational stroke research2021
Tocilizumab Reduces Vasospasms, Neuronal Cell Death, and Microclot Formation in a Rabbit Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
Article in Translational stroke research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microthrombi and hypercoagulability's contribution to delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Intracranial Aneurysm Biomarkers: A Convergence of Genetics, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and the Extracellular Matrix.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Soluble Glycoprotein 130Fc Reduces Controlled Cortical Impact-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Rats.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease under treatment with tocilizumab.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- The Comparative Effects of Anakinra and Tocilizumab on Inflammation and Cerebral Vasospasm in an Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- The urotensin II receptor triggers an early meningeal response and a delayed macrophage-dependent vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in male mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Cerebral Aneurysm and Interleukin-6: a Key Player in Aneurysm Generation and Rupture or Just One of the Multiple Factors?Translational stroke research · 2023Review
- Systemic Inflammation after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Contemplating IL-6, a double-edged sword cytokine: Which side to use for stroke pathology?CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Tocilizumab promotes repair of spinal cord injury by facilitating the restoration of tight junctions between vascular endothelial cells.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Probing Interleukin-6 in Stroke Pathology and Neural Stem Cell Transplantation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Preclinical and clinical role of interleukin-6 in the development of delayed cerebral vasospasm and neuronal cell death after subarachnoid hemorrhage: towards a potential target therapy?Neurosurgical review · 2022Review
- 6-Gingerol attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury via GBP2/PI3K/AKT pathway in the rat model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Agonism of the αExperimental neurology · 2021Article
- Interleukin 6 and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Interleukin-6: Important Mediator of Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Current neurovascular research · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI), delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS), and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) are common complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Inflammatory processes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are one of the causes for such complications. Our aim to study the effects of an IL-6 receptor antagonist (Tocilizumab) examines the occurrence of DCVS, neuronal cell death, and microclot formation in an acute SAH rabbit model. Twenty-nine New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into one of three groups as the SAH, SAH + Tocilizumab, and sham groups. In SAH groups, hemorrhage was induced by extracranial-intracranial arterial blood shunting from the subclavian artery into the cisterna magna under intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. In the second group, Tocilizumab was given once intravenously 1 h after SAH induction. Digital subtraction angiography was performed, and CSF and blood were sampled before and after (day 3) SAH induction. IL-6 plasma and CSF levels were measured. TUNEL, FJB, NeuN, and caspase-3 immunostaining were used to assess cell apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and neuronal cell death, respectively. Microclot formation was detected by fibrinogen immunostaining. Between baseline and follow-up, there was a significant reduction of angiographic DCVS (p < 0.0001) in the Tocilizumab compared with the SAH group. Tocilizumab treatment resulted in decreased neuronal cell death in the hippocampus (p = 0.006), basal cortex (p = 0.001), and decreased microclot formation (p = 0.02). Tocilizumab reduced DCVS, neuronal cell death, and microclot formation in a rabbit SAH model, and could be a potential treatment to prevent DCVS and DCI in SAH patients.
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