ArticleBrain communications2020
Reproductive history and progressive multiple sclerosis risk in women.
Article in Brain communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interferon-Beta Injection in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Related to the Induction of Headache and Flu-Like Pain Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Advanced Oxidative Protein Products Role in Multiple Sclerosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Pooled it
- Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Phase I/II Dose-Finding Clinical Study.Cell transplantationTrial
- Expert Opinion on Age-Related Sex Hormone Changes and Hypogonadism in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Delphi Consensus Program.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Under Immunocompromising Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Menopause and multiple sclerosis: A scoping review of symptoms, disease course, and lived experience.Maturitas · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites in defining multiple sclerosis phenotypic continuum.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The hidden toll: Atrophy of key central nervous system relays in African American women with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Article
- Menopause Impact on Multiple Sclerosis Disability Progression.JAMA neurology · 2025Article
- Influence of age and sex on presymptomatic phases of neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.Revue neurologique · 2025Review
- Sex-Related Differences in Lifestyle Factors Affecting Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility and Disease Progression.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Disease course after pregnancy in women with progressive multiple sclerosis symptoms.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Observational
- Effects of androgen modifying therapies on disease activity in older men with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Observational
- From checkboxes to emojis: a novel approach to patient-reported outcomes in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Upper cervical spinal cord atrophy in MS: Sex, menopause, and neurodegeneration.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Does Age at Menarche Differ Between Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls?: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of family & reproductive health · 2025Review
- The influence of menopause on multiple sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Investigation of pregnancy tendency, reproductive characteristics, and disability in women with multiple sclerosis: A secondary data analysis of the national registry in Iran.Current journal of neurology · 2024Article
- The Impact of Aging on Multiple Sclerosis.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- No causal link between age at menopause and multiple sclerosis onset and severity: a Mendelian randomization study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Being a woman is one of the strongest risk factors for multiple sclerosis. The natural reproductive period from menarche to natural menopause corresponds to the active inflammatory disease period in multiple sclerosis. The fifth decade marks both the peri-menopausal transition in the reproductive aging and a transition from the relapsing-remitting to the progressive phase in multiple sclerosis. A short reproductive period with premature/early menopause and/or low number of pregnancies may be associated with an earlier onset of the progressive multiple sclerosis phase. A cross-sectional study of survey-based reproductive history in a multiple sclerosis clinical series enriched for patients with progressive disease, and a case-control study of multiple sclerosis and age/sex matched controls from a population-based cohort were conducted. Menarche age, number of complete/incomplete pregnancies, menopause type and menopause age were compared between 137 cases and 396 control females. Onset of relapsing-remitting phase of multiple sclerosis, progressive disease onset and reaching severe disability (expanded disability status scale 6) were studied as multiple sclerosis-related outcomes (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.