ArticleJournal of advanced veterinary and animal research2020
Influence of gender, neuter status, and training method on police dog narcotics olfaction performance, behavior and welfare.
Article in Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Management of Testicular Tumors in Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Evaluating effects of aging on dog olfactory performance.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Exploring behavioral outcomes of gonadectomy in pets: a need for personalized approaches.Animal reproduction · 2026Review
- Dogs' olfactory resting-state functional connectivity is modulated by age and brain shape.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dog Neuter, Yes or No? A Summary of the Motivations, Benefits, and Harms, with Special Emphasis on the Behavioral Aspect.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- A One Health Approach to Public Safety: A Review of Police Canines in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Success in the Natural Detection Task is influenced by only a few factors generally believed to affect dogs' olfactory performance.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- An Ancient Practice but a New Paradigm: Personal Choice for the Age to Spay or Neuter a Dog.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study was carried out to study the influence of gender, neuter status, and training method on police dog narcotics olfaction performance, behavior, and welfare. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 120 German Shepherds aged 1-3 years were used for this study. The dogs were separated into two experiments. The first experiment (32 dogs and 28 bitches) was used to study the influence of gender on olfaction and smell to narcotics in police dog performance and training methods with behavioral problems and welfare. The second experiment (30 dogs and 30 bitches) was used to study the influence of sexual status (entire or neutered) on the smelling of narcotics in police dog performance by comparing with intact dogs and bitches.
resultsWe found that there were significant differences in sex in training to detect narcotics. Male German Shepherds were found to be significantly more trainable than females. Neutering causes a difference in trainability in male and female dogs. Gonadectomy had adverse effects on training. The intact male and female German Shepherds were found to be significantly more trainable than the neutered ones, and the reward-based method was found to be significantly more trainable than punishment. Dog training methods incorporated by punishment result in pain, suffering, emotional instability, symptoms of depression, aggression, unwanted barking, growling at other people, not under control all time, less trainability, increased problematic behavior, and decreased dog welfare.
conclusionReward-based method is associated with lower lousy behavior and dogs with good behavior, such as, attachment attention behavior, dogs under the control of handler all times, higher trainability, less problematic behavior, and increased dog welfare.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.