Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33409040›Full record

ArticleCureus2020

Raiders of the Lost Correlation: A Guide on Using Pearson and Spearman Coefficients to Detect Hidden Correlations in Medical Sciences.

Alessandro Rovetta

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07651787 (Neurovascular and Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Transcranial Photobiomodulation in Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07651787 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Neurovascular and Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Transcranial Photobiomodulation in Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of OklahomaRan2025 to 2026Enrolled40ConditionsMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Amyloid PathologyArmsActive Vielight Neuro RX-Duo device -Active transcranial photobiomodulation, Sham Vielight Neuro RX-Duo device -Sham transcranial photobiomodulation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Long-term effect of denosumab on bone microarchitecture as assessed by tissue thickness-adjusted trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results from FREEDOM and its open-label extension.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2023
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  17. Morphometry of choroid plexus epithelial cells in neurodegenerative diseases.Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Alessandro RovettaMathematical, Statistical and Epidemiological Models, Technological and Scientific Research, Redeev Srl, Naples, ITA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pearson and Spearman correlations are important tools for all scientific fields and are widely used in medical sciences, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic emergency. This technical report has shown that conventional criteria for evaluating the adoption of these coefficients can conceal substantial scientific information regarding correlations that occur above or below a certain threshold. In particular, the Pearson coefficient can reveal hidden correlations even when data are not normally distributed. Finally, an optimized operational guide to reveal any hidden correlation is reported.

Indexed as

correlationmedical physicsmedical statisticspearsonspearmanstatistics

Identifiers

PMID33409040
PMCPMC7779167

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.