Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33408249›Full record

ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2021

PET Imaging of TIGIT Expression on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes.

Travis Shaffer, Arutselvan Natarajan, Sanjiv S Gambhir

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Advancements in non-invasive visualization of the immune checkpoint TIGIT: a systematic review.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Challenges in tracer development for tumor microenvironment (TME) imaging.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026
    Review
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  6. Development and characterisation of [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025
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  19. Molecular imaging to support cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022
    Review
  20. What Inhibits Natural Killers' Performance in Tumour.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Travis Shaffer *Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California. anatarajan@stanford.edu trvsshaffer@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-4634-5998
Arutselvan Natarajan *Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California. anatarajan@stanford.edu trvsshaffer@gmail.com.
Sanjiv S GambhirDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.ORCID 0000-0002-2711-7554
Stanford Medicine · US

Funding

Translational Oncology Research Program (Project-005)P30CA124435 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Melinda L. Telli · 2007 to 2026
$71.4M
Cancer-Translational Nanotechnology Training Program (Cancer-TNT)T32CA196585 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI FELSHER, DEAN W, RAO, JIANGHONG · 2015 to 2019
$1.8M
BD Canto II RUO CytometerS10RR027431 · NCRR · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI NOLAN, GARRY P · 2010 to 2010
$236k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA124435NCI NIH HHS T32 CA196585NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR027431
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTherapeutic checkpoint inhibitors on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are being increasingly utilized in the clinic. The T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on T and natural killer cells. The TIGIT signaling pathway is an alternative target for checkpoint blockade to current PD-1/CTLA-4 strategies. Elevated TIGIT expression in the tumor microenvironment correlates with better therapeutic responses to anti-TIGIT therapies in preclinical models. Therefore, quantifying TIGIT expression in tumors is necessary for determining whether a patient may respond to anti-TIGIT therapy. PET imaging of TIGIT expression on TILs can therefore aid diagnosis and in monitoring therapeutic responses. EXPERIMENTAL

designAntibody-based TIGIT imaging radiotracers were developed with the PET radionuclides copper-64 (

resultsTwo anti-TIGIT probes were developed and exhibited immunoreactivity of >72%, serum stability of >95%, and specificity for TIGIT with both mouse TIGIT-expressing HeLa cells and

conclusionsThis study develops and validates novel TIGIT-specific

Indexed as

AnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansIsotope LabelingLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMelanoma, ExperimentalMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPositron-Emission TomographyReceptors, ImmunologicTumor MicroenvironmentAntibodies, MonoclonalReceptors, ImmunologicTIGIT protein, human

Identifiers

PMID33408249
PMCPMC12978021
OpenAlexW3119370884

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.