ArticleJournal of virology2021
Efficacy of Coxsackievirus A5 Vaccine Candidates in an Actively Immunized Mouse Model.
Article in Journal of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Construction of the Multi-Epitope HFMD Vaccine Based on an Attenuated CVB3 Vector and Evaluation of Immunological Responses in Mice.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Pathological characteristics of coxsackievirus A14 in neonatal mice model.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Antigenic characterization and mapping of a conserved neutralizing epitope on VP1 of coxsackievirus A5.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Identification of key amino acids defining conformational neutralizing epitopes of coxsackievirus A5 using monoclonal antibody escape mutants.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The gut virome and regulatory T cell axis in health and systemic disease.Microbiome research reports · 2026Review
- Unveiling the enterovirus diversity in Barcelona, Spain (2020-2024) through wastewater and clinical surveillance.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- A single amino acid mutation in VP1 of coxsackievirus A6 determining efficiency of VP0 cleavage and proliferation.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Discovery of a broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody recognizing a conserved, linear epitope WFYDGYPT on VP1 protein of Enterovirus A species.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Enteroviruses: epidemic potential, challenges and opportunities with vaccines.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Review
- Humoral and cellular immunogenicity and efficacy of a coxsackievirus A10 vaccine in mice.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Article
- Identification of a Conserved, Linear Epitope on VP3 ofViruses · 2023Article
- Identification of specific and shared epitopes at the extreme N-terminal VP1 of Coxsackievirus A4, A2 and A5 by monoclonal antibodies.Virus research · 2023Article
- Current status of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
- Viruses as tools in gene therapy, vaccine development, and cancer treatment.Archives of virology · 2022Review
- Multiple molecular characteristics of circulating enterovirus types among pediatric hand, foot and mouth disease patients after EV71 vaccination campaign in Wuxi, China.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Efficacy of a coxsackievirus A6 vaccine candidate in an actively immunized mouse model.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- Emergence of a novel recombinant of CV-A5 in HFMD epidemics in Xiangyang, China.BMC medical genomics · 2021Article
- A review of enterovirus-associated hand-foot and mouth disease: preventive strategies and the need for a global enterovirus surveillance network.Pathogens and global healthReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A5 (CV-A5) has recently emerged as a main hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) pathogen. Following a large-scale vaccination campaign against enterovirus 71 (EV-71) in China, the number of HFMD-associated cases with EV-71 was reduced, especially severe and fatal cases. However, the total number of HFMD cases remains high, as HFMD is also caused by other enterovirus serotypes. A multivalent HFMD vaccine containing 4 or 6 antigens of enterovirus serotypes is urgently needed. A formaldehyde-inactivated CV-A5 vaccine derived from Vero cells was used to inoculate newborn Kunming mice on days 3 and 10. The mice were challenged on day 14 with a mouse-adapted CV-A5 strain at a dose that was lethal for 14-day-old suckling mice. Within 14 days postchallenge, groups of mice immunized with three formulations, empty particles (EPs), full particles (FPs), and a mixture of the EP and FP vaccine candidates, all survived, while 100% of the mock-immunized mice died. Neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) were detected in the sera of immunized mice, and the NtAb levels were correlated with the survival rate of the challenged mice. The virus loads in organs were reduced, and pathological changes and viral protein expression were weak or not observed in the immunized mice compared with those in alum-inoculated control mice. Another interesting finding was the identification of CV-A5 dense particles (DPs), facilitating morphogenesis study. These results demonstrated that the Vero cell-adapted CV-A5 strain is a promising vaccine candidate and could be used as a multivalent HFMD vaccine component in the future.
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