ArticleBiology of sex differences2021
Sex differences in expression of immune elements emerge in children, young adults and mice with osteosarcoma.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increasing survival disparity between children, adolescents, and young adults with osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma of bone from 1990 to 2024: a population-based cohort study.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2026Article
- Global to local burdens, inequalities, and achievable frontiers of child and adolescent malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage across 953 countries and sublocations, 1980-2040, with deep learning-based forecasts.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Article
- An improved experimental model of osteosarcoma lung metastases to investigate innovative therapeutic interventions and sex as a biological variable.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Progress in immune microenvironment, immunotherapy and prognostic biomarkers in pediatric osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Feasibility and barriers to rapid establishment of patient-derived primary osteosarcoma cell lines in clinical management.iScience · 2024Review
- Review
- RNA-sequencing predicts a role of androgen receptor and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 in osteosarcoma lung metastases.Oncogene · 2024Article
- Sex differences in methylation profiles are apparent in medulloblastoma, particularly among SHH tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Comprehensive Analysis of Tumor Immune Microenvironment Characteristics for the Prognostic Prediction and Immunotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Real World Data from Patients With Osteosarcoma Treated in 8 Medical Centers in Greece: Ninety Percent or Greater Tumor Necrosis Is Associated With Disease-free Survival.Cancer diagnosis & prognosisArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMales < 40 years old are more likely to be diagnosed with and die from osteosarcoma (OS). The underlying mechanisms may depend on sex differences in immune response.
methodsWe used SEER data to estimate survival differences between males and females aged < 40 years at OS diagnosis. In NCI TARGET-OS cases, we determined sex differences in gene expression, conducted Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and applied the LM22 signature to identify biologic sex differences. We compared sex differences in gene expression profiles in TARGET-OS to those observed in Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis accelerated Trp53
resultsMales had worse 17-year overall survival than females (SEER p < 0.0001). From 87 TARGET-OS cases, we observed 1018 genes and 69 pathways that differed significantly by sex (adjusted p < 0.05). Pathway and gene lists overlapped with those from mice (p = 0.03) and healthy osteoblasts (p = 0.017), respectively. Pathways that differed significantly by sex were largely immune-based and included the PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy pathway. We observed sex differences in M2 macrophages (LM22; p = 0.056) and M1-M2 macrophage transition (GSEA; p = 0.037) in TARGET-OS. LM22 trends were similar in mice. Twenty-four genes differentially expressed by sex in TARGET-OS had existing cancer therapies.
conclusionsSex differences in OS gene expression were similar across species and centered on immune pathways. Identified sex-specific therapeutic targets may improve outcomes in young individuals with OS.
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