ArticleFluids and barriers of the CNS2021
Disparate volumetric fluid shifts across cerebral tissue compartments with two different anesthetics.
Article in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Predictive Modeling of Preoperative Sleep Disorder Risk in Older Adults by Using Data From Wearable Monitoring Devices: Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system imbalance: a peripheral-to-central inflammatory bridge in perioperative neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A wireless device for continuous measurement of brain parenchymal resistance tracks glymphatic function in humans.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Neurofluids.Neuroimaging clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Characterizing the spatial patterns and determinants of cerebrospinal fluid pseudorandom flow in the human brain with low b-value diffusion MRI.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
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- Disentangling the impact of cerebrospinal fluid formation and neuronal activity on solute clearance from the brain.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Assessment of factors influencing glymphatic activity and implications for clinical medicine.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Choroid plexus tissue perfusion and blood to CSF barrier function in rats measured with continuous arterial spin labeling.NeuroImage · 2022Article
- Physiology of Glymphatic Solute Transport and Waste Clearance from the Brain.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Review
- Characterization of perivascular space pathology in a rat model of cerebral small vessel disease byJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Article
- The glymphatic system: Current understanding and modeling.iScience · 2022Review
- Fluid transport in the brain.Physiological reviews · 2022Review
- Impaired glymphatic function in the early stages of disease in a TDP-43 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Translational neurodegeneration · 2022Article
- Dysfunction of the Glymphatic System as a Potential Mechanism of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLarge differences in glymphatic system transport-similar in magnitude to those of the sleep/wake cycle-have been observed during anesthesia with dexmedetomidine supplemented with low dose isoflurane (DEXM-I) in comparison to isoflurane (ISO). However, the biophysical and bioenergetic tissue status underlying glymphatic transport differences between anesthetics remains undefined. To further understand biophysical characteristics underlying these differences we investigated volume status across cerebral tissue compartments, water diffusivity, and T2* values in rats anesthetized with DEXM-I in comparison to ISO.
methodsUsing a crossover study design, a group of 12 Sprague Dawley female rats underwent repetitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under ISO and DEXM-I. Physiological parameters were continuously measured. MRI included a proton density weighted (PDW) scan to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and parenchymal volumetric changes, a multigradient echo scan (MGE) to calculate T2* maps as a measure of 'bioenergetics', and a diffusion scan to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).
resultsThe heart rate was lower with DEXM-I in comparison to ISO, but all other physiological variables were similar across scans and groups. The PDW images revealed a 1% parenchymal volume increase with ISO compared to DEXM-I comprising multiple focal tissue areas scattered across the forebrain. In contrast, with DEXM-I the CSF compartment was enlarged by ~ 6% in comparison to ISO at the level of the basal cisterns and peri-arterial conduits which are main CSF influx routes for glymphatic transport. The T2* maps showed brain-wide increases in T2* in ISO compared to DEXM-I rats. Diffusion-weighted images yielded no significant differences in ADCs across the two anesthesia groups.
conclusionsWe demonstrated CSF volume expansion with DEXM-I (in comparison to ISO) and parenchymal (GM) expansion with ISO (in comparison to DEXM-I), which may explain the differences in glymphatic transport. The T2* changes in ISO are suggestive of an increased bioenergetic state associated with excess cellular firing/bursting when compared to DEXM-I.
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