ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2021
Prenatal metal mixtures and child blood pressure in the Rhea mother-child cohort in Greece.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimony: a cryptic metabolism disruptor ubiquitous in food contact materials.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
- Prenatal factors shaping adolescent cardiovascular function and cardiometabolic risk trajectories.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Associations of prenatal metal exposure with child neurodevelopment and mediation by perturbation of metabolic pathways.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Effects of exposure to multiple metallic elements in the first trimester of pregnancy on the risk of preterm birth.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Metal mixture exposures and serum lipid levels in childhood: the Rhea mother-child cohort in Greece.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Molybdenum Concentration and the Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Nested Case-Control Study - Beijing Municipality, China, 2018-2020.China CDC weekly · 2024Article
- Urinary biomarkers of exposure to toxic and essential elements: A comparison of infants fed with human milk or formula.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Top 10 public health challenges to track in 2023: Shifting focus beyond a global pandemic.Public health challenges · 2023Article
- Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Perinatal Metal and Metalloid Exposures and Offspring Cardiovascular Health Risk.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Metabolome-Wide Association Study of Cord Blood Metabolites With Blood Pressure in Childhood and Adolescence.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Article
- Article
- Urinary metals and maternal circulating extracellular vesicle microRNA in the MADRES pregnancy cohort.Epigenetics · 2022Article
- The effects of chemical mixtures on lipid profiles in the Korean adult population: threshold and molecular mechanisms for dyslipidemia involved.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Associations between Maternal Selenium Status and Cord Serum Vitamin D Levels: A Birth Cohort Study in Wuhan, China.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Mixtures modeling identifies heavy metals and pyrethroid insecticide metabolites associated with obesity.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Exposure to Metal Mixtures in Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Outcomes: A Scoping Review.Toxics · 2022Article
- Associations of a metal mixture with iron status in U.S. adolescents: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.New directions for child and adolescent development · 2022Article
- Prenatal metal(loid) mixtures and birth weight for gestational age: A pooled analysis of three cohorts participating in the ECHO program.Environment international · 2022Article
- Developmental toxicant exposures and sex-specific effects on epigenetic programming and cardiovascular health across generations.Environmental epigenetics · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundChild blood pressure (BP) is predictive of future cardiovascular risk. Prenatal exposure to metals has been associated with higher BP in childhood, but most studies have evaluated elements individually and measured BP at a single time point. We investigated impacts of prenatal metal mixture exposures on longitudinal changes in BP during childhood and elevated BP at 11 years of age.
methodsThe current study included 176 mother-child pairs from the Rhea Study in Heraklion, Greece and focused on eight elements (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, lead, magnesium, molybdenum, selenium) measured in maternal urine samples collected during pregnancy (median gestational age at collection: 12 weeks). BP was measured at approximately 4, 6, and 11 years of age. Covariate-adjusted Bayesian Varying Coefficient Kernel Machine Regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were used to evaluate metal mixture impacts on baseline and longitudinal changes in BP (from ages 4 to 11) and the development of elevated BP at age 11, respectively. BKMR results were compared using static versus percentile-based cutoffs to define elevated BP.
resultsMolybdenum and lead were the mixture components most consistently associated with BP. J-shaped relationships were observed between molybdenum and both systolic and diastolic BP at age 4. Similar associations were identified for both molybdenum and lead in relation to elevated BP at age 11. For molybdenum concentrations above the inflection points (~ 40-80 μg/L), positive associations with BP at age 4 were stronger at high levels of lead. Lead was positively associated with BP measures at age 4, but only at high levels of molybdenum. Potential interactions between molybdenum and lead were also identified for BP at age 11, but were sensitive to the cutoffs used to define elevated BP.
conclusionsPrenatal exposure to high levels of molybdenum and lead, particularly in combination, may contribute to higher BP at age 4. These early effects appear to persist throughout childhood, contributing to elevated BP in adolescence. Future studies are needed to identify the major sources of molybdenum and lead in this population.
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