ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2021
Developing and validating measures of self-reported everyday and healthcare discrimination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Everyday Discrimination Scale and biomarker outcomes.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- The Unique Experience of Intersectional Stigma and Racism for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People Who Inject Drugs, and Its Effect on Healthcare and Harm Reduction Service Access.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic disparities in everyday discrimination among a national sample of adults in the United States, 2023.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Anti-Indigenous racism in Canadian healthcare: a scoping review of the literature.International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care · 2024Article
- Caring Self-Efficacy of Personal Care Attendants From English-Speaking and Non-English-Speaking Countries Working in Australian Residential Aged Care Settings.Journal of aging and health · 2024Article
- The moderating role of resilience in the relationship between experiences of COVID-19 response-related discrimination and disinformation among people who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Healthcare bias and health inequalities towards displaced Syrians in Lebanon: a qualitative study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Population-level contribution of interpersonal discrimination to psychological distress among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, and to Indigenous-non-Indigenous inequities: cross-sectional analysis of a community-controlled First Nations cohort study.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Article
- Community Engagement and Psychometric Methods in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Surveys-A Scoping Review and Critical Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Racism in Australia: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Everyday Discrimination and Relation with Wellbeing among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Adults in Australia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Implementing Optimal Care Pathways for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People With Cancer: A Survey of Rural Health Professionals' Self-Rated Learning Needs.International journal of integrated careArticle
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is well established that racism is a fundamental contributor to poor health and inequities. There is consistent evidence of high exposure to discrimination among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous Australian) peoples, but impacts have not been fully quantified, in part due to limited measurement tools. We aim to validate instruments developed to measure interpersonal discrimination.
methodsInstruments were discussed at five focus groups and with experts, and field tested in developing Mayi Kuwayu: The National Study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing. Data from 7501 baseline survey participants were analysed. Acceptability was assessed according to extent of missingness, construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Associations between each instrument and outcomes conceptually understood to be closely (community-level racism) or less closely (family wellbeing) related were quantified to test convergent and discriminant validity.
resultsAn 8-item instrument captures experiences of discrimination in everyday life and a 4-item instrument experiences in healthcare, each followed by a global attribution item. Item missingness was 2.2-3.7%. Half (55.4%) of participants reported experiencing any everyday discrimination, with 65.7% attributing the discrimination to Indigeneity; healthcare discrimination figures were 34.1% and 51.1%. Items were consistent with two distinct instruments, differentiating respondents with varying experiences of discrimination. Scales demonstrated very good reliability and convergent and divergent validity.
conclusionThese brief instruments demonstrate face validity and robust psychometric properties in measuring Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults' experiences of interpersonal discrimination in everyday life and in healthcare. They can be used to quantify population-level experiences of discrimination, and associated wellbeing consequences, and monitor change.
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