Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33407482›Full record

ArticleRespiratory research2021

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a risk factor for sputum production in the general population: the Nagahama study.

Chie Morimoto, Hisako Matsumoto, Tadao Nagasaki, Yoshihiro Kanemitsu, Yumi Ishiyama, Hironobu Sunadome, Tsuyoshi Oguma, Isao Ito, Kimihiko Murase, Takahisa Kawaguchi and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Respiratory research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 38% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Chie MorimotoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-1909
Hisako MatsumotoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. hmatsumo@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
Tadao NagasakiDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Yoshihiro KanemitsuDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Yumi IshiyamaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Hironobu SunadomeDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Tsuyoshi OgumaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Isao ItoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Kimihiko MuraseDepartment of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Takahisa KawaguchiCenter for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Yasuharu TabaraCenter for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Akio NiimiDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Shigeo MuroDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Fumihiko MatsudaCenter for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Kazuo ChinDepartment of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Toyohiro HiraiDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
Kyoto University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic sputum production in the general population is historically associated with clinical indices including male sex and smoking history. However, its relationship with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which may prove an underlying factor in sputum production, is unclear. We aimed to clarify factors associated with sputum production in the general population in cross-sectional and longitudinal manners.

methodsIn the Nagahama study, a community-based cohort study, 9804 subjects were recruited between 2008 and 2010 (baseline assessment), 8293 of whom were followed from 2013 to 2015 (follow-up assessment). This study contained a self-completed questionnaire which included medical history, assessment of sputum production, and a frequency scale for symptoms of GERD. A Frequency Scale for Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease score of ≥ 8 was defined as GERD. In addition to the frequency of sputum production at each assessment, frequency of persistent sputum production defined as sputum production at both assessments was examined.

resultsFrequency of sputum production was 32.0% at baseline and 34.5% at follow-up. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that sputum production at baseline was significantly associated with GERD [odds ratio (OR), 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73-2.13] and post-nasal drip (PND) (OR, 2.40; 95% CI 2.15-2.68), independent of other known factors such as older age, male sex and smoking history. These associations between sputum production and GERD or PND were also observed at follow-up. In longitudinal analysis, 19.4% had persistent sputum production and 12.3% had transient sputum production, i.e., at baseline only. Multivariable analysis for risk of persistence of sputum production revealed that persistent sputum production was associated with GERD and PND, in addition to the known risk factors listed above. The proportion of subjects with GERD at both assessments was highest among subjects with persistent sputum production.

conclusionsCross-sectional and longitudinal analysis demonstrated an association in the general population between sputum production and GERD, as well as PND, independent of known risk factors. The presence of GERD should be assessed in patients complaining of sputum production.

Indexed as

Independent LivingPopulation SurveillanceAdultAgedAge FactorsCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGastroesophageal RefluxHumansJapanLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsEpidemiological studyGastroesophageal reflux diseaseSputum production

Identifiers

PMID33407482
PMCPMC7788913
OpenAlexW3120468322

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.